红壤坡面水力与重力复合作用下的土壤侵蚀过程  

Soil Erosion Process Under the Combined Action of Water and Gravity on Red Soil Slope

作　　者：张晓韩 马岚 郁重[4] 武志伟 王洁 ZHANG Xiaohan;MA Lan;YU Chong;WU Zhiwei;WANG Jie(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Jixian Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,CNERN,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Baoding Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station,Baoding,Hebei 071051,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学国家林业和草原局水土保持重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100083 [4]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [5]保定市水土保持试验站,河北保定071051

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第6期54-60,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302901)。

摘　　要：[目的]土壤侵蚀是全球最主要的生态环境问题之一。分析不同条件下水力与重力复合侵蚀的水沙过程及其与砾石含量间的协同变化规律,对揭示水力与重力复合侵蚀的耦合机理具有重要意义。[方法]设置无砾石与砾石含量为40%的2种类型的土体,通过野外人工模拟连续降雨的方法,探讨水力与重力复合作用下,砾石含量对土壤侵蚀过程的影响及其协同变化规律。[结果](1)无砾石土体在2场降雨中均未产流;含砾石土体在第1场降雨中未产流,但第2场降雨中含砾石土体在36 min开始产流,初始产流时间随降雨场次的增加基本趋于提前,变化为8~36 min。(2)含砾石土体各场降雨的总产流量分别为8.97,63.9,70.8,79.7,127.5 L;各场降雨后期产流过程基本一致,产流率均逐渐减小。(3)各场降雨的总产沙量分别为0.26,10.6,5.74,3.15,9.37 g;含砾石土体各场降雨中侵蚀速率均呈较大波动,但在降雨后期总体趋势均为减小。(4)无砾石土体在第2场降雨中发生重力侵蚀,侵蚀量为106.37×10^(3)cm^(3),沉积量为76.28×10^(3)cm^(3);含砾石土体在第3场降雨中,土体中下部发生小面积的崩塌,重力侵蚀量为6.08×10^(3)cm^(3)。[结论]研究结果可为解析水力与重力复合侵蚀营力的耦合作用机制提供理论依据。[Objective]Soil erosion is one of the most important ecological and environmental problems in the world.It is of great significance to reveal the coupling mechanism of water and gravity combined erosion by analyzing the water and sediment process of water and gravity combined erosion under different conditions and its synergistic change law with gravel content.[Methods]Two types of soil,with no gravel and gravel content of 40%,were set up.Through the method of artificial simulation of continuous rainfall in the field,the influence of gravel content on soil erosion process and its synergistic change rule under the combined action of water and gravity were discussed.[Results](1)Gravel-free soil did not produce runoff under two rainfalls.The gravel-containing soil did not produce runoff under the first rainfall,but started to produce runoff at 36 min under the second rainfall.The initial runoff time basically tended to advance with the increase of rainfall times,and the range of variation was 8~36 min.(2)The total runoff of each rainfall in the gravel soil was 8.97,63.9,70.8,79.7 and 127.5 L,respectively.The runoff process in the later stage of each rainfall was basically the same,and the runoff rate decreased gradually.(3)The total sediment yield of each rainfall was 0.26,10.6,5.74,3.15,9.37 g,the erosion rate of the gravel soil fluctuated greatly under each rainfall,but the overall trend decreased in the later stage of rainfall.(4)Gravity erosion occurred in the non-gravel soil during the second rainfall.The erosion amount was 106.37×10^(3)cm^(3),and the deposition amount was 76.28×10^(3)cm^(3).Under the third rainfall,a small area of collapse occurred in the middle and lower part of the gravel soil,and the amount of gravity erosion was 6.08×10^(3)cm^(3).[Conclusion]The research results can provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the coupling mechanism of water and gravity combined erosion forces.

关 键 词：红壤 水力侵蚀 重力侵蚀 砾石含量 侵蚀产沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]