套种药材对红壤坡地幼龄油茶园产流产沙及氮磷流失的影响  

Effects of Interplanting Medicinal Herbs on Runoff,Sediment and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in Young Oil Tea Plantation on Red Soil Sloping Field

作　　者：晏世杰 段剑 沈发兴 谢东杰 郑海金 YAN Shijie;DUAN Jian;SHEN Faxing;XIE Dongjie;ZHENG Haijin(Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Watershed Soil and Water Conservation,Jiangxi Academy of Water Sciences and Engineering,Nanchang 330029,China;Jiangxi Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Water Engineering in Poyang Lake Basin,Nanchang 330029,China;College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]流域水土保持江西省重点实验室,江西省水利科学院,南昌330029 [2]江西省鄱阳湖流域生态水利技术创新中心,南昌330029 [3]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,南昌330045 [4]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第6期70-78,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：江西省“科技+水利”联合计划项目(2022KSG01001);国家自然科学基金项目(42367050);江西省“双千计划”项目(JXSQ2023201069)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探究不同药材及其套种模式对红壤坡地幼龄油茶园水—土—养分流失的影响及其适用性。[方法]在中药材种植大省江西开展幼龄油茶园径流小区原位观测试验,设置套种地上收获药材艾(YA)、套种地下收获药材郁金+植物篱(YY)、传统水保措施秸秆覆盖+墒沟(YC)、清耕对照(CK),进行逐场次降雨下产流产沙、氮磷流失观测及综合效益评估。[结果](1)除清耕模式外,所有有保护性措施的模式均显著减少幼龄油茶园水-土-养分流失。与CK相比,YA、YC和YY的减流效应分别为15.22%,67.30%,64.12%,减沙效应分别为72.63%,97.19%,98.19%,总氮流失量降低幅度分别为57.86%,96.53%,95.87%,总磷流失量降低幅度分别为32.18%,98.62%,98.86%;(2)中雨、大雨和暴雨3种雨型下,套种郁金+植物篱模式均能发挥很好的水土保持和养分拦截效应,减流、减沙效应分别为45.11%~83.25%和96.08%~99.02%;减氮、减磷效应分别为83.02%~99.14%和88.38%~99.65%;而套作艾草模式则只在中雨和大雨中的养分拦截效应较好,在暴雨中的水土保持效应不明显;(3)基于TOPSIS模型,对4种模式的综合效益进行评估,排名为YY(0.48)>YC(0.29)>YA(0.23)>CK(0.02)。[结论]地下收获药材郁金+植物篱模式是试验中控制红壤坡地幼龄油茶园土壤侵蚀和养分流失最经济高效的管理措施;选用收获期与水土流失风险期错峰的药材将更好地发挥套作的生态效益,可避免幼龄油茶园产生额外的养分流失。[Objective]To investigate the effects and applicability of different intercropping patterns of medicinal herbs on water,soil,and nutrient losses in young oil tea gardens on red soil slopes.[Methods]Runoff plot experiments were carried out in Jiangxi Province,a major province for cultivating traditional Chinese medicinal herbs,with interplanting above-ground harvested medicinal herb of Ai pattern(YA),interplanting below-ground harvested medicinal herb of Yujin+vegetative hedges pattern(YY),traditional conservation measure of straw mulching+moisture furrow pattern(YC),and clean tillage pattern for control(CK).Observation of runoff,sediment,nitrogen and phosphorus losses under natural rainfall events,and comprehensive benefit evaluation of each pattern were carried out.[Results](1)All conservation measures significantly reduced water,soil,and nutrient losses in young oil tea plantations,except for the clean-tillage mode.Compared with CK,the runoff reduction effects of YA,YC and YY amounted to 15.22%,67.30%and 64.12%,respectively;the sediment reduction effects amounted to 72.63%,97.19%and 98.19%,respectively;the decrease in total nitrogen(TN)loss was 57.86%,96.53%and 95.87%,respectively;and the decrease in total phosphorus(TP)loss was 32.18%,98.62%and 98.86%,respectively.(2)Under moderate rain,heavy rain and rainstorm,YY pattern all showed good soil and water conservation and nutrient interception effects,with runoff reduction effects and sediment reduction effects ranged from 45.11%to 83.25%and 96.08%to 99.02%,respectively.The nitrogen and phosphorus reduction effects ranged from 83.02%to 99.14%and 88.38%to 99.65%,respectively;whereas YA pattern only had a better nutrient interception effect under moderate and heavy rain,the soil and water conservation effect under heavy rain was not obvious.(3)Based on the TOPSIS model,the comprehensive benefits of the four patterns were evaluated and ranked as YY(0.48)>YC(0.29)>YA(0.23)>CK(0.02).[Conclusion]Below-ground harvesting of medicinal herb Yujin+plant hedge mode is the mo

关 键 词：油茶园 套种 中药材 水土流失 养分流失 水土保持 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]