异养氨氧化细菌对旱地玉米的产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Heterotrophic Ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Dryland Maize

作　　者：赵宏飞 王晓凌[1] 曹佳伟 于浩 周里桔 田诗诗 ZHAO Hongfei;WANG Xiaoling;CAO Jiawei;YU Hao;ZHOU Liju;TIAN Shishi(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2024年第6期363-371,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1304326);河南省自然科学基金项目(242300421242)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探究接种异养氨氧化细菌(HAOB)对旱地玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响。[方法]在干旱易发地区进行为期2年的田间试验,以HAOB菌株S2_8_1为试验菌株,玉米为植物材料,设置接种HAOB菌株不灌溉(DI)、不灌溉对照(DCK)、接种HAOB菌株灌溉(WI)、灌溉对照(WCK)4个处理。[结果]旱地玉米接种HAOB菌株后根际土壤硝化速率和光合速率增强,显著促进玉米生长及产量提高(p<0.05)。DI和WI 2个处理各时期的地上生物量和收获期的产量均显著高于DCK和WCK,特别是在DI处理中。在降雨不足的2022年和降雨充裕的2023年,DI的玉米产量均超过DCK和WCK 2个处理,与DCK的玉米产量相比提高24.98%以上,在2023年,DI的产量甚至与WI相当,超出WCK的产量11.29%以上。HAOB菌株提高水分利用效率,DI的水分利用效率相比DCK提高4.84%以上,WI相比WCK提高3.06%以上。DI和WI相比,根际土壤硝化速率接近,产量上也很接近,但DI不需要灌溉且具有更高的水分利用效率。[结论]将HAOB菌株应用到旱地农业中提高玉米产量是一个有效的方法,为旱地农业发展提供新的技术路径和研究方向。[Objective]To investigate the effects of inoculating heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(HAOB)on yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize.[Methods]A two-year field experiment was conducted in a drought-prone area using HAOB strain S2_8_1 as the test strain and maize as the plant material.Four treatments were set up,inoculation with HAOB strain without irrigation(DI),non-irrigated control(DCK),inoculation with HAOB strain with irrigation(WI),and irrigated control(WCK).[Results]Inoculation with the HAOB strain enhanced the nitrification rate in the rhizosphere soil and the photosynthetic rate of dryland maize,significantly promoted maize growth and increased the yield(p<0.05).The above-ground biomass at different stages and the yield at harvest in the DI and WI treatments were significantly higher than those in the DCK and WCK treatments,especially in the DI treatment.In both the drier 2022 and the wetter 2023,maize yields in the DI treatment exceeded those in the DCK and WCK treatments by at least 24.98%;in 2023,the yield of the DI treatment was comparable to that of the WI treatment,exceeding that of WCK by more than 11.29%.Additionally,inoculation of HAOB improved the water use efficiency of maize,with DI showing at least a 4.84%increase compared to DCK,and WI showing at least a 3.06%increase compared to WCK.The nitrification rates in the rhizosphere soil and the yields of DI and WI were similar,but DI did not require irrigation and had a higher water use efficiency.[Conclusion]The application of HAOB strains in dryland agriculture is an effective method for improving maize yield,and it can provide a new technological pathway and research direction for the development of dryland agriculture.

关 键 词：异养氨氧化细菌 玉米 产量 水分利用效率 根际土壤硝化速率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S154.39