论五帝时代  

On the Era of the Five Emperors

作　　者：韩建业[1] Han Jianye

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2024年第12期180-198,203,共20页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：“五帝时代”指古史传说中夏代以前的中国上古时代。通过对“禹征三苗”“稷放丹朱”“涿鹿之战”等重大历史事件的考古学实证,基本可推知五帝时代具有真实的历史背景,从4700多年前延续至约4100年前,前后经历三个时期,大体自轩辕黄帝、蚩尤和末代炎帝等始,历颛顼时期,最后是帝喾、尧、舜、稷、丹朱、禹等。考古发现显示,五帝时代中华文明已迈过起源和形成之时而进入初步发展阶段,大概已有统治范围可能涵盖黄河流域大部的跨区域王权国家的萌芽。此后以“禹征三苗”为契机,长江流域也被纳入国家版图,夏王朝初步“一统”的格局正是在此基础上得以建立。The"Era of the Five Emperors"refers to the protohistoric period of ancient China preceding the Xia dynasty,as recorded in ancient historical legends.Archaeological evidence surrounding key events such as"Yu's conquest of the Sanmiao,"the"Deportation of Danzhu by Hou-ji,"and the"Battle of Zhuolu"suggests that that this era has a basis in historical reality.Spanning from approximately 4,700 to 4,1o0 years ago,it can be divided into three phases:beginning with Xuanyuan Huangdi,Chiyou,and the last Yandi;continuing through the period of Zhuanxu;and culminating with emperors Ku,Yao,Shun,Ji,Danzhu,and Yu.Archaeological discoveries indicate that during this era,Chinese Civilization had moved beyond its origins and formative stages,entering a phase of early development.By this time,a nascent cross-regional monarchy likely emerged,with its influence encompassing much of the Yellow River basin.Subsequently,with the event of"Yu's conquest of the San-miao"as a turning point,the Yangtze River basin was also incorporated into the realm.It was upon this foundation that the early"great unity"structure of the Xia dynasty was established.

关 键 词：五帝时代 传说时代 新石器时代 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]