锂硫电池的电解质安全性的研究进展及军事化前景  

Research progress of electrolyte safety of lithium sulfur battery and militarization prospect

作　　者：陈建安 陈曦 POTAPENKO Hanna 郭珉[1] 李怡 郝慧敏 李昕钰 聂泽龙 祝付文 CHEN Jian'an;CHEN Xi;POTAPENKO Hanna;GUO Min;LI Yi;HAO Huimin;LI Xinyu;NIE Zelong;ZHU Fuwen(Ningbo Branch of Chinese Academy of Ordnance Science,Ningbo 315103,China;Shandong Sanpin New Energy Co.Ltd.,Jining 272342,China;Shanxi Fenglei Drilling Tools Co.Ltd.,Linfen 043000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,浙江宁波315103 [2]山东三品新能源有限公司,山东济宁272342 [3]山西风雷钻具有限公司,山西临汾043000

出　　处：《兵器材料科学与工程》2025年第1期145-154,共10页Ordnance Material Science and Engineering

基　　金：横向课题。

摘　　要：锂硫电池凭借其高能量密度和成本优势,在无人驾驶飞行器、地面车辆和海洋无人驾驶船舶等军事领域展现出巨大的潜力。然而,锂硫电池用易燃的硫正极、高活泼的锂负极及低闪点、低沸点的有机电解液会产生严重的安全隐患,导致其军用化面临困境。为了解决这些问题,研究者通过开发新型电解质、优化负极材料、改性隔膜和改进正极材料等提高电池的安全性。在这些方法中,电解质是提高安全性的最关键要素。特别是近年来固态电解质的兴起,使针对电解质的研究更具重要意义。本文综述了锂硫电池电解质安全性提升策略的研究现状,并展望了未来的研究方向。Lithium-sulfur batteries,with their high energy density and cost advantages,show great potential in military fields such as unmanned aerial vehicles,ground vehicles and Marine unmanned ships.However,lithium-sulfur batteries with flammable positive sulfur electrode,high active lithium negative electrode and low flash point,low boiling point of organic electrolyte will produce serious security risks,resulting in military difficulties.In order to solve these problems,researchers have improved the safety of batteries by developing new electrolytes,optimizing negative electrode materials,modifying membranes and improving positive electrode materials.Among these methods,electrolytes are the most critical element for improving safety.Especially in recent years,the rise of solid electrolytes makes the research on electrolytes more important.In this paper,the current research status of electrolyte safety improvement strategies for lithium-sulfur batteries is reviewed,and the future research direction is prospected.

关 键 词：锂硫电池 安全性 阻燃剂 液态电解质 固态电解质 

分 类 号：O64[理学—物理化学]