马克思恩格斯对朗格社会达尔文主义的批判及其当代价值  

Marx and Engels'Critique of Langue's Social Darwinism and Its Contemporary Value

作　　者：程志波 胡恒雪 CHENG Zhibo;HU Hengxue(School of Marxism,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Dept.of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Suining Vocational School of Jiangsu Province,Xuzhou 221225,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学马克思主义学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]江苏省睢宁中等专业学校机电工程系,江苏徐州221225

出　　处：《江苏海洋大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期31-39,共9页Journal of Jiangsu Ocean University(Humanities & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BZX039)。

摘　　要：十九世纪六七十年代,社会达尔文主义主张的庸俗进化论,在工人运动中引起了极大的思想混乱。为拨乱反正,马克思、恩格斯对朗格等人所主张的社会达尔文主义思想进行了批判,其批判内容主要集中在三个方面:一是批判社会达尔文主义片面强调“生存斗争”规律,从而忽略了人类社会与生物界的本质区别以及“阶级斗争”的社会历史属性;二是批判社会达尔文主义散布“适者生存”论调,麻痹工人接受“天然不适者”的现实;三是揭示社会达尔文主义宣称的“强者统治”背后的“精英统治”“帝国主义”“霸权主义”实质。马克思、恩格斯对朗格社会达尔文主义思想的批判,对于辨别当代社会达尔文主义思潮新形态、抵制不良社会思潮和西方国家意识形态的侵蚀具有重要指导意义。In the 1860s and 1870s,the vulgar theory of evolution advocated by social Darwinism caused great ideological confusion in the workers'movement.In order to rectify the chaos,Marx and Engels criticized the social Darwinism advocated by Langue and others.Their criticism mainly focused on three aspects:firstly,it criticized the one-sided emphasis on the law of"struggle for survival"in social Darwinism,which ignores the essential differences between human society and the biological world,as well as the social and historical attributes of class struggle";secondly,it criticized social Darwinism for spreading the theory of"survival of the fittest"and numbing workers to accept the reality of"natural unsuitability";the third was to reveal the essence of"elite rule","imperialism"and"hegemonism"behind the"rule of the strong"claimed by social Darwinism.The criticism of Langue's social Darwinism by Marx and Engels has important guiding significance for identifying new forms of contemporary social Darwinism,resisting the erosion of negative social trends and western ideologies.

关 键 词：马克思 恩格斯 朗格 社会达尔文主义 “生产斗争” 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]