不同材料充填对矿区复垦土壤钾吸附解吸的影响  

Effect of filling materials on reclaimed soil potassium adsorption and desorption in mining area

作　　者：景可欣 董周宾 薄怀志 王志亮[1,4,5] 胡绍豪 李新举[1,2] 闵祥宇 JING Kexin;DONG Zhoubin;BO Huaizhi;WANG Zhiliang;HU Shaohao;LI Xinju;MIN Xiangyu(Technology Innovation Center of Restoration and Reclamation in Mining induced Subsidence Land,Ministry of Natural Resources,Jining 272000,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Shandong Provincial Geology Construction Ltd.,Jining 272000,China;Shandong Provincial Lunan Geology and Exploration Institute(Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources No.2 Geological Brigade),Jining 272000,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部采煤沉陷区综合治理工程技术创新中心,山东济宁272000 [2]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [3]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116 [4]山东省地矿建设有限公司,山东济宁272000 [5]山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队),山东济宁272000

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2024年第12期4928-4937,共10页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)资助项目(2020CXGC011403);山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院开放基金课题资助项目(LNYQ202108)。

摘　　要：煤矿开采造成土地沉陷、土壤环境破坏和农田养分流失,采用不同材料充填复垦是目前中国东部矿区修复沉陷土地的常用方法。钾作为作物生长发育的关键元素,探究其在复垦土壤中的有效性十分必要。为了研究不同填充材料复垦土壤中钾的有效性及其影响因素,文章选择以煤矸石(MGS)、湖泥(HN)、黄河砂(HHS)为填充材料的复垦土壤为研究对象,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、电子显微镜(SEM)以及比表面及孔隙度分析仪(BET)对复垦土壤进行表征分析,利用吸附等温线试验和连续流液法吸附、解吸动力学实验测定并通过相应模型描述复垦土壤对钾的吸附、解吸特征。结果表明:不同材料充填复垦土壤的矿物组成、官能团组成、微观形貌、表面结构均与正常耕地存在差异。3种材料充填复垦土壤XRD图谱中伊利石的衍射峰以及FTIR曲线中由伊利石引起的—OH等特征峰均减弱,复垦土壤表面更加光滑,比表面积和孔体积更小;所有充填复垦土壤各吸附、解吸参数均低于正常耕地(ZC),MGS充填复垦土壤吸附能力最强,其最大吸附量可达7.90~15.00 mg/g,HHS充填复垦土壤吸附能力最弱,其Qm仅2.66~3.91 mg/g。复垦土壤解吸能力差异不大,均处于较低水平,煤矸石充填复垦土壤填充层(MGST)的平衡解吸量(Q_(e4))最高,为4.40 mg/g,黄河砂充填复垦土壤填充层(HHST)的Q_(e4)最低,为1.81 mg/g;复垦土壤的吸附参数(最大吸附量、平衡吸附量)与含水量、土壤质地(粉粒、砂粒)、阳离子交换量、表面特征(比表面积、孔体积、平均孔径)显著相关;解吸参数(平衡解吸量)与含水量、黏粒、阳离子交换量显著相关。研究表明,矿区典型材料的充填会降低复垦土壤钾的有效性,这主要与复垦土壤对钾的吸附、解吸能力有关。MGS、HN由于其比表面积、黏粒含量、阳离子交换量较大具有较高的吸附量,但由Coal mining causes land subsidence,soil degradation,and nutrient depletion in agricultural areas.Filling and reclamation with various materials is a common method for restoring subsided land in the eastern mining areas of China.It is essential to explore potassium availability in reclaimed minesoils,as Potassium is a critical element for crop growth and development.To investigate the potassium availability of reclaimed minesoils and their influencing factors,we select the reclaimed minesoils filled with coal gangue(MGS),lake mud(HN),and Yellow River sand(HHS)as the research samples.X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),and specific surface and porosity analyzer(BET)are used to characterize the reclaimed soil.And determine the adsorption and desorption kinetics of the reclaimed soil through adsorption isotherm experiments and continuous-flow liquid method,and describe using the corresponding models.The results showed that the mineral composition,functional group composition,microscopic morphology,and surface structure of reclaimed minesoils filled with various materials differed from normal cultivated soil(ZC).The XRD patterns and FTIR curves of the reclaimed minesoils showed weakened diffraction peaks of illite and characteristic peaks of—OH groups caused by illite.Additionally,the surface of the reclaimed mine soils appeared smoother,and the specific surface area and pore volume were smaller than ZC.The adsorption-desorption parameters of reclaimed minesoils are lower than those of ZC.The MGS exhibits the largest adsorption capacity,with a maximum adsorption capacity(Qm)of 7.90−15.00 mg/g,while the HHS exhibits the lowest adsorption capacity,with a Qm of only 2.66−3.91 mg/g.The differences in desorption capacities of reclaimed minesoils are insignificant,as they all remain relatively low.The equilibrium desorption capacity(Q_(e4))of the reclaimed minesoils filling layer filled with coal gangue(MGST)is the largest,reaching 4.40 mg/g.The Q_(e4)

关 键 词：采煤沉陷区 填充材料 复垦土壤 土壤钾有效性 吸附−解吸特征 

分 类 号：S143.3[农业科学—肥料学]