本体论、逻辑学和认识论的统一--恩格斯的因果关系理论体系及其现实启示  

The Unity of Ontology,Logic and Epistemology--Engels'Theoretical System of Causality and Its Practical Enlightenment

作　　者：刘少明 LIU Shao-ming(School of Marxism,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2025年第1期65-73,共9页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：上海市教育科学研究项目上海高校哲学社会科学研究专项“中国共产党百年马克思主义理论教育经验及其现实启示研究”(编号:2023ZSS004)。

摘　　要：恩格斯从本体论、逻辑学和认识论三个层面构建了完整的因果关系理论体系。在本体论上,恩格斯认为因果关系处于普遍联系之中且原因和结果之间相互作用,扬弃了“自因论”和唯心主义的“相互作用论”,批判了“第一推动因”的错误学说和“经济决定论”对唯物史观的错误理解。在逻辑学上,恩格斯认为因果关系的基本属性是本质必然性,批判了将虚假因果逻辑错误“客观化”的理论,也批判了机械主义因果论和纯粹偶然性理论。在认识论层面,恩格斯认为实践活动确证了因果关系的必然性和客观性,批判了怀疑因果关系客观存在的理论,也批判了资本主义对推进认识因果关系的局限。恩格斯的因果关系理论继承和发展了因果学说史,加深了马克思主义对因果关系的理论认知,启示我们在现实中应提升系统思维能力和遵循客观规律,在实践中不断创新理论,因而具有重要的现实意义。Engels constructed a complete theoretical system of causality from three aspects:ontology,logic and epistemology.In ontology,Engels believed that causality existed by interaction.Causality is a universal relationship and causes and consequences interact.Engels'interaction theory of causality sublates the self cause theory and idealist interaction theory,criticizes the wrong theory of the first driving cause and the wrong understanding of historical materialism by economic determinism.In logic,Engels believed that the basic attribute of causality was essential inevitability.He criticized the theory of objectifying the false logic of cause and effect,and also criticized the mechanistic theory of cause and effect and the theory of pure contingency.At the epistemological level,Engels believed that practical activities confirm the inevitability and objectivity of causality.Engels criticized the theory of doubting the objective existence of causality in epistemology,and also criticized the limitations of capitalism in promoting cognitive causality.Engels'causality theory inherits and develops the history of causality theory,deepens the theoretical cognition of Marxism on causality,and also enlightens us to improve our ability of systematic thinking,follow objective laws,and constantly innovate theories in practice.Therefore,it has important practical significance.

关 键 词：恩格斯 因果关系 本体论 逻辑学 认识论 

分 类 号：A11[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]