量子电压标准综述:研究现状、应用及发展趋势  

Review on Quantum Voltage Standards:Status,Applications and Trends

作　　者：王保帅 麻滨麒 肖勇 胡珊珊 宋宏天 刘小虎 赵伟[2] 李世松[2] WANG Baoshuai;MA Binqi;XIAO Yong;HU Shanshan;SONG Hongtian;LIU Xiaohu;ZHAO Wei;LI Shisong(China Southern Power Grid Research Institute,Guangzhou 510663,Guangdong Province,China;Department of Electrical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Haidian District,Beijing 100084,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid,Guangzhou 510663,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司,广州省广州市510663 [2]清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京市海淀区100084 [3]广东省电网智能量测与先进计量企业重点实验室,广州省广州市510663

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2025年第1期408-422,I0034,共16页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212050014);南方电网公司科技项目(SEPRI-K22B088)。

摘　　要：不同于传统的实物电压标准,量子电压标准与基本物理常数直接关联,因此具有准确度高、稳定性好等优势。该文回顾发现约瑟夫森效应以及直流量子电压标准建立的过程,重点梳理可编程约瑟夫森交流电压标准和脉冲驱动型约瑟夫森交流电压标准的基本原理、存在的问题和应用现状,并对这两种交流量子电压标准的性能和适用范围进行比较。鉴于准确计量电能的重要性,特别介绍目前国际上基于交流量子电压标准构建的两种交流功率标准。最后,对量子电压标准的未来发展方向和应用前景进行展望。Unlike traditional artifact voltage standards,quantum voltage standards are linked to fundamental physical constants and thus have advantages for voltage metrology,such as high accuracy and stability.This paper reviews the discovery of the Josephson effect and the process of establishing DC quantum voltage standards,focuses on combining the basic principles,issues,as well as applications of AC quantum voltage standards,including both the programmable Josephson voltage standard and the pulse-driven Josephson voltage standard,and compares the performance and applications of these two AC quantum voltage standards.In particular,in view of the importance of accurate electric energy measurement,two AC power standards based on quantum voltage are introduced.Finally,the future development trends and application prospects of quantum voltage standards are prospected.

关 键 词：量子电压标准 可编程约瑟夫森电压标准 约瑟夫森效应 交流电压标准 

分 类 号：TM95[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]