我国石油炼化行业特征污染物及其健康风险分析  

Analysis of characteristic pollutants and health risks in the petroleum refining industry in China

作　　者：彭树青 李婧 韩璐[2,3] 张文影 陈梦舫 陈雪艳 谷涵远[2,5] 周源 候少林 PENG Shuqing;LI Jing;HAN Lu;ZHANG Wenying;CHEN Mengfang;CHEN Xueyan;GU Hanyuan;ZHOU Yuan;HOU Shaolin(School of Environment,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites,Nanjing 210008,China;Nanjing Jinghongze Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing,210000,China;College of Environment,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,武汉430078 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [3]江苏省污染场地土壤与地下水修复工程实验室,南京210008 [4]南京景鸿泽环境科技有限公司,南京210000 [5]浙江工业大学环境学院,杭州310000

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第11期3071-3080,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3703102);云南省科技厅科技计划资助项目(202203AC100001);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42277071)

摘　　要：石油炼化行业是我国国民经济的重要支柱产业,但其在加工炼制及储存运输过程中出现的“跑、冒、滴、漏”等现象造成了土壤和地下水的污染,给人体健康带来了一定风险。本研究通过梳理国内石油炼化企业的空间分布及相关污染调查文献资料,查明了我国石油炼化行业典型污染物,并分析了典型污染物的暴露特征及潜在健康风险。结果表明我国石油炼化行业的分布具有较强的不均匀性,空间分布呈“沿海强、内地弱”特征。该类场地中以有机-无机和有机-有机复合污染为主,主要污染物为总石油烃(TPH)和重金属,而地下水中以TPH和苯系物等有机污染为主。污染物的风险表征结果表明,场地土壤中TPH(38%)、二甲苯(33%)和苯(12%)存在显著非致癌健康风险,其中TPH的危害商达19.1;而苯(41%)、乙苯(29%)和镍(11%)存在显著的致癌健康风险,苯的致癌风险水平为1.05×10^(−4)。地下水中TPH的非致癌危害最高为75.9,苯的致癌风险最高为1.84×10^(−5)。因此控制TPH和苯系物非致癌危害和致癌风险是石油炼化场地中土壤与地下水污染治理的关键。Petroleum refining is an important pillar industry of China's national economy.However,the phenomena of“running,bubbling,dripping and leaking”in the process of processing,refining,storage and transportation have caused soil and groundwater pollution,which poses a certain risk to human health.By combing the spatial distribution characteristics of domestic petroleum refining enterprises and relevant pollution investigation literature,this study analyzed the typical pollutants in China's petroleum refining industry,and analyzed the exposure characteristics of typical pollutants and their potential health risks.The results showed that the petroleum refining industries in China were unevenly distributed in coastal areas mostly and less in inland areas.The sites were mainly polluted by the mixed organic-inorganic or organic-organic compounds,with total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH)and heavy metals as dominant pollutants in soil,while TPH and BTEX mainly in groundwater.On the one hand,the results of risk characterization showed that TPH(38%),xylene(33%)and benzene(12%)in soils could introduce notable noncarcinogenic health risk with the highest hazard quotient(HQ)of 19.1 for TPH,and the carcinogenic risks(CR)of benzene(41%),ethylbenzene(29%)and nickel(11%)were much higher than other pollutants,with the highest CR of 1.05×10^(−4)for benzene.On the other hand,the highest HQ for TPH was up to 75.9,while the highest CR for benzene reached 1.84×10^(−5).Therefore,controlling the non-carcinogenic hazards and carcinogenic risks of TPH and BTEX is the key for the remediation of soil and groundwater contamination in petroleum refinery sites.

关 键 词：石油炼化 特征污染物 总石油烃 健康风险分析 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]