清淤底泥农用地利用法律法规及技术标准探讨  

Discussion on laws,regulations and technical standards for dredged sediments utilized in agricultural land

作　　者：陆海明 陈海波 唐文忠[2] 王国庆 宋静[4] 王凯 袁源 LU Haiming;CHEN Haibo;TANG Wenzhong;WANG Guoqing;SONG Jing;WANG Kai;YUAN Yuan(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Science,Nanjing 211135,China;School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院,南京210029 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [4]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京211135 [5]河海大学公共管理学院,南京211100

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第11期3092-3101,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：南京水利科学研究院基本科研业务费资助项目(Y524002);广西重点研发计划资助项目(AB22035075)。

摘　　要：梳理了河湖库清淤底泥农用地利用相关概念及其主要方式,分析了清淤底泥农用地利用相关法律法规以及国家标准、行业标准和地方标准。河湖库清淤底泥农用地利用以土壤改良剂、土料或以两者相结合的利用方式,可用于农田土壤改良、土壤肥力提升、耕地复垦以及矿坑修复、宕口治理、湿地修复、低洼地改造等。清淤底泥农用地利用是消纳大宗清淤底泥的重要途径,可实现生态效益、社会效益和经济效益互促共赢。我国已初步建立起以《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》为核心的农用地土壤污染防治法律法规体系,《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控土壤标准(试行)》(GB 15618-2018)是生产可食用农产品的农用地土壤污染风险管控主要标准。清淤底泥农用地利用风险管控的核心要求是“禁止使用可能造成土壤污染的清淤底泥”。目前缺乏清淤底泥应用于农用地中其它类型土地的污染物控制国家标准,建议加快研制清淤底泥应用于其它类型农用地标准。现阶段建议根据保护目标确定土壤污染物含量控制标准,并遵循“清淤底泥产物中污染物含量应不高于施用地土壤中相应的含量”的原则。清淤底泥经处理后作为GB 15618-2018未规定的农用地土壤或农用地下层土壤填充物料时,应重点管控污染物生态风险及其随水分运移对表层土壤、地下水产生的环境风险,必要时应评估对农产品质量安全可能存在的影响和风险。《土壤质量决策单元-多点增量采样法》(GB/T 42489-2023)可用于淤泥理化性质和污染物含量测定的采样方法,在确保数据准确性和结论可靠性的基础上,合理控制样品数量,降低监测检测费用。The key concepts and primary methods of utilizing dredged sediment in rivers,lakes and reservoirs for agricultural purposes were discussed.It also examines the pertinent laws and regulations,national standards,industry standards,and local standards associated with dredged sediment utilized in agricultural land.The dredged sediments from river and lake can be utilized for soil improvement,enhancing soil fertility,reclaiming cultivated land,repairing mines,managing dam mouths,restoring wetlands,as being soil amendment,soil materials,or a combination of both.Dredged sediment utilized in agricultural land is a crucial way to absorbing significant amounts of dredged sediment.It can create a win-win situation for ecological,social,and economic outcomes.Systematic laws and regulations for preventing and controlling soil pollution in agricultural land have been established with the“Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law”as the core.“Soil environmental quality risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land”(GB 15618-2018)is the primary standard for managing soil pollution risks in agricultural land within edible food produced.The fundamental requirement for managing and controlling the risk of agricultural land use in dredged sediments is“utilization of dredged sediments that may lead to soil pollution is prohibited”.Now there is a lack of national standards for controlling pollutants in dredged sediments used on other types of agricultural land.It is recommended to expedite the drafting of standards for the remaining types of agricultural land.Now,it is advisable to establish control standards for soil pollutant levels according to protection objectives,and adhere to the principle that“the pollutant levels in the dredging sediment products should not exceed those in the soil at the application site.”When the dredged sediment is treated and used as agricultural land soil or agricultural underground soil filling material not specified in GB 15618-2018,the emphasis should be on controll

关 键 词：清淤底泥 淤泥 农用地利用 污染物 法律法规 政策 标准 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]