典型固沙植物梭梭平茬后茎干液流的变化特征  

Effect of pruning on the stem sap flow of typical sand-fixing plant Haloxylon ammodendron

作　　者：黄雅茹[1,2,3,4] 马迎宾 郝需婷[1,2,3] 韩春霞 崔健 董雪 王浩伊 HUANG Yaru;MA Yingbin;HAO Xuting;HAN Chunxia;CUI Jian;DONG Xue;WANG Haoyi(Experimental Center of Desert Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Dengkou 015200,Inner Mongolia,China;Combat Desertification Engineering Technology Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Dengkou 015200,Inner Mongolia,China;National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Comprehensive Control in Ulan Buh Desert,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Dengkou 015200,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem Observation Research Station,Dengkou 015200,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古磴口015200 [2]林业和草原局防沙治沙工程技术研究中心,内蒙古磴口015200 [3]乌兰布和沙漠综合治理国家长期科研基地,内蒙古磴口015200 [4]内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统定位观测研究站,内蒙古磴口015200

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第12期2809-2822,共14页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2021MA005);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2023QN03008、2024MS03038);国家自然科学基金项目(32001374);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2021ZY0058)。

摘　　要：梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)是防风固沙典型树种,近几年,部分梭梭林呈现衰退迹象,严重影响了防护林体系的防风固沙效益。平茬是减少干旱区梭梭植物水分胁迫的有效抚育管理措施,研究不同平茬处理下梭梭液流速率变化及其与气象因子的关系可帮助揭示平茬后梭梭的水分传输规律。本研究利用热扩散茎流计和自动气象站对乌兰布和沙漠不同平茬处理下梭梭的液流和气象因子进行监测。结果表明:不同平茬处理(未平茬、留茬75%、留茬50%、留茬25%、留茬0)的液流小时尺度变化为“几字宽峰型”,未平茬梭梭为“单峰型”。不同平茬处理梭梭日均耗水量为留茬50%(15.37 kg)>留茬75%(11.77 kg)>未平茬(9.37 kg)>留茬0(3.29 kg)>留茬25%(2.03 kg)。液流速率与太阳辐射、空气温度、相对湿度、饱和水汽压差存在非对称响应,未平茬、留茬75%、留茬50%、留茬25%、留茬0与太阳辐射、相对湿度呈逆时针环状或逆时针斜8字型,而与空气温度、饱和水汽压差呈顺时针环状或顺时针斜8字型。经主成分分析,小时尺度及日尺度下,太阳辐射是影响平茬、未平茬梭梭液流速率的主要气象因子。综上,以耗水量为依据,建议乌兰布和沙漠梭梭以留茬25%处理为最佳。研究结果为今后梭梭林生态需水量的估算及抚育管理提供了理论依据。Haloxylon ammodendron is a typical tree species known for windbreak and sand fixation.In recent years,some H.ammodendron forests have shown signs of decline,which has seriously affected the windbreak and sand fixation benefits of the shelter forest system.Pruning is an effective tending management measure to reduce water stress of the tree in arid areas.Understanding the changes in the sap flow rate of the tree under different pruning treatments and its relationship with meteorological factors can help to reveal the water transport law of H.ammodendron.In this study,we monitored the sap flow of the species and meteorological factors under different pruning treatments in Ulan Buh Desert using a thermal diffusion sap flow meter and automatic weather station.The results showed that the hourly scale change of sap flow under different pruning treatments(pruning 75%,pruning 50%,pruning 25%,pruning 0)is a“broad peak”pattern,whereas,that without pruning is a“single-peak”pattern.The descending order of average daily water consumption of the species under different pruning treatments is pruning 50%(15.37 kg)>pruning 75%(11.77 kg)>no pruning(9.37 kg)>pruning 0(3.29 kg)>pruning 25%(2.03 kg).The sap flow rate has an asymmetric response to solar radiation,air temperature,relative humidity and saturated water vapor pressure difference.The sap flow under no pruning,pruning 75%,pruning 50%,pruning 25%and pruning 0 treatments showed a counterclockwise ring or counterclockwise oblique 8-shaped pattern with solar radiation and relative humidity,respectively,and exhibited a clockwise ring or clockwise oblique 8-shaped with air temperature.The vapor pressure deficit Principal component analysis showed that solar radiation is the primary meteorological factor affecting the hourly and daily sap flow rate of the species under pruning and no pruning treatment.Based on the water consumption,it is suggested that pruning 25%treatment is the best for the tree in Ulan Buh Desert,which can provide a theoretical basis for the estimation

关 键 词：平茬 茎流 梭梭 乌兰布和沙漠 气象因子 耗水量 太阳辐射 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]