水氮调控对多年生黑麦草生长特性和产量的影响  

Optimal irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for growth and yield of perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne)

作　　者：段科龙 牛最荣 张真荣 宋淑珍[3] 李妙祺 郭盛 DUAN Keong;NIU Zuirong;ZHANG Zhenrong;SONG Shuzhen;LI Miaoqi;GUO Sheng(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Water Resources Utilization Center of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730300,China;Institute of Animal&Pasture Science and Green Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省引大入秦水资源利用中心,兰州730300 [3]甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所,兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第1期34-42,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划项目(21YF5FA094);甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广计划项目(24GSLK060,22GSLK068,22GSLK069)。

摘　　要：【目的】解决永登县当地人工草地建设与畜牧规模不协调问题,探明节水省肥的人工草地水氮配施方案,实现永登县草食畜牧业的可持续发展。【方法】以多年生黑麦草为研究对象,设置2个灌水水平(灌水上下限以土壤含水率占田间持水率的百分比计):W1(75%~85%)、W2(55%~65%),3个施氮水平:N1(210 kg/hm^(2))、N2(180 kg/hm^(2))、N3(150 kg/hm^(2)),共6种水氮处理组合,每个处理重复3次,分析不同水氮施量对各生育阶段的黑麦草生长指标、产量和水肥利用效率的影响。利用熵权-TOPSIS法对各处理进行综合评价,探寻多年生黑麦草最优水氮处理。【结果】不同水氮施量均对黑麦草的生长发育有显著影响,生长指标及产量均随水氮施量的增加而增加,氮肥偏生产力随施氮量的增加而降低,水分利用效率随灌水量的增加而降低,且施氮对黑麦草各指标影响程度大于灌水。生育期末W1N1处理株高、叶绿素和产量均为最高,W2N1处理茎粗最大,W1N3处理氮肥利用效率最高,W2N2水分利用效率最高。熵权-TOPSIS法计算得出W2N2处理综合评价指数最高。【结论】当灌水保持在田间持水率的55%~65%,施氮量为180 kg/hm^(2)时,多年生黑麦草的综合效益最高。研究结果可为永登县种植黑麦草的水氮管理工作提供理论依据和技术支撑。【Objective】Ryegrass(Lolium perenne)is extensively cultivated in Northwestern China for various purposes ranging from forage to landscaping.This paper presents the results of an experimental study on optimal irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for growth and yield of perennial ryegrass in managed grasslands in Yongdeng County in Gansu province,China.【Method】The field experiment consisted of two irrigation treatments by keeping the soil water content above 75%-85%(W1)or 55%-65%(W2)of the field capacity.Each irrigation treatment had three nitrogen treatments by applying 210(N1),180(N2)and 150 kg/hm^(2)(N3)of nitrogen.In each treatment,we measured the growth traits,yield,and water and nitrogen use of the ryegrass at different growth stages.The optimal irrigation and nitrogen fertilization was determined by the entropy-weight TOPSIS model.【Result】Both irrigation and nitrogen significantly influenced ryegrass growth and yield.Increasing irrigation amount or nitrogen application improved growth traits and yield.However,nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFPN)decreased with increase in nitrogen application,and increasing irrigation amount reduced irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE).Nitrogen application had a greater impact on growth and yield of the ryegrass than irrigation.The W1N1 combination resulted in the highest plant height,chlorophyll content,and yield,while W2N1 produced the largest stem diameter.The W1N3 combination had the highest PFPN,and IWUE was greatest in W2N2.Entropy-weight TOPSIS analysis showed that W2N2 was optimal for ryegrass growth and yield in the study area.【Conclusion】Maintaining soil moisture above 55%-65%of the field capacity combined with 180 kg/hm^(2)of nitrogen fertilization is the optimal strategy for improving the growth and yield of perennial ryegrass in Yongdeng County,Gansu Province,China.

关 键 词：黑麦草 水氮调控 生长特性 产量 水氮利用效率 熵权-TOPSIS法 

分 类 号：S543.6[农业科学—作物学]