古代希腊城邦公民的政治参与与政治冲突  

Political Participation and Conflicts Among Citizens in Ancient Greek City-States

作　　者：晏绍祥[1] YAN ShaoXiang

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院,北京100089

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期5-21,共17页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国历史研究院绝学扶植项目“西方古典学”(2024JXZ008)。

摘　　要：古代希腊城邦频发的政治流亡现象,源自城邦作为公民国家的基本特性。虽然城邦在一定程度上是奴隶主镇压奴隶的机器,但作为统治群体的公民又因地位、利益的不同划分成相当不同的群体,内部存在严重的冲突。他们之间的利益纠纷,反映在城邦政治层面,就是持续的内部冲突。面对如此严重的局面,尽管城邦试图利用包括陶片放逐法在内的法治手段加以调节,但因公民内部矛盾难以调和,城邦又缺乏官僚体系和治安力量的有效应对,终城邦之世,古希腊人始终无法消除冲突及政治流亡现象。公民的政治参与既是希腊城邦活力和繁荣的基础,又使冲突和政治流亡成为城邦政治的常态。The frequent occurrence of political exile in ancient Greek city-states can be attributed to the fundamental charac⁃teristics of city states as citizen states.Although the city-state functioned,to some extent,as a machine for slave owners to con⁃trol slaves,the citizen body,being the ruling class,was fragmented into distinct factions due to varying statuses and interests,leading to severe internal conflicts.The interests disputes among them manifested as continuous internal conflicts within the po⁃litical strata of the city-state.Facing such a serious situation,the city-state attempted to regulate it through legal means,includ⁃ing the introduction of the pottery exile law.However,the deep-seated internal conflicts among citizens were difficult to recon⁃cile,and the city-state lacked a bureaucratic system and security forces to effectively address these issues.As a result,through⁃out the history of the city-states,the ancient Greeks were unable to completely eliminate the conflicts and political exiles arising from internal conflicts.Political participation among citizens was not only the foundation of the vitality and prosperity of Greek city-states,but also made conflicts and political exile a common feature of city-state politics.

关 键 词：希腊城邦 公民国家 政治流亡 

分 类 号：K125[历史地理—历史学]