非物质劳动向生命政治转变的历史根源及其不可能性研究——以后工人主义为逻辑起点的马克思主义批判  

The Historical Origin of the Transformation from Immaterial Labor to Biopolitics and Its Impossibility:The Criticism of Post-operaismo as the Logical Starting Point

作　　者：卢艺 崔中良 Lu Yi;Cui Zhongliang

机构地区：[1]同济大学人文学院 [2]南京信息工程大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《当代国外马克思主义评论》2023年第3期124-147,共24页Contemporary Marxism Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目:认知科学哲学视域下的人工共情问题研究(21CZX020)

摘　　要：以哈特与奈格里为代表的后工人主义者基于主体自治逻辑,构建非物质劳动理论并向生命政治学转化,这一逻辑扎根并生长于后工人主义运动兴起的历史脉络之中。通过梳理工人主义向后工人主义转变的历史背景,挖掘主体自治性的历史根源。在二者的理论阐释中确证这一逻辑的同时,发现这一理论存在对马克思关于价值与价值量概念的混淆、对人机关系的认识并未触及本质、非物质劳动霸权地位确立的逻辑无法自洽等问题。究其原因,在于后工人主义执着于主体自治却与资本主义生产关系实际相脱离,且囿于资本主义发展阶段新变化对马克思理论作出政治导向性和表层性解读。故本文认为生命政治生产并非是一条通往资本主义灭亡、人类解放的实际道路,还需以马克思主义科学理论为基准、以脱离资本主义生产关系为目的,探索一条真正赋予劳动者生产自主权的解放道路。The post-operaismo represented by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri constructed the theory of Immaterial labor based on the logic of subject autonomy and transformed it into the biopolitics.This logic took root and grew in the historical context of the rise of the post-operaismo movement.By sorting out the historical background of the transformation of operaismo to post-operaismo,we can dig the historical root of the subject autonomy.Later,while confirming this logic in the theoretical interpretation of the two,it is found that some theories are confused with Marx's concepts of value and quantity of value,the understanding of man-machine relationship does not touch the essence,and the logic of establishing the supremacy of immateriallabor cannot be self.consistent.The reason lies in the fact that post-operaismo insists on subject autonomy but is divorced from the reality of capitalist relations of production and makes a politically oriented and dogmatic interpretation of Marx's theory because of the new changes in the development stage of capitalism.Therefore,this paper holds that life and political production is not a practical road leading to the demise of capitalism and the liberation of human beings.It should take Marx's scientific theory as the benchmark,with the aim of breaking away from the capitalist relations of production,learn from the Chinese modernization development road,and explore a real liberation road that endow laborers with the autonomy of production.

关 键 词：非物质劳动 生命政治 后工人主义 历史根源 政治批判 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B0-0