隋唐奏抄探源  

The Origin of“Zouchao”of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

作　　者：李柏楊 Li Boyang

机构地区：[1]北京大學歷史學系

出　　处：《唐研究》2024年第1期533-554,共22页Journal of Tang Studies

摘　　要：《唐六典》記載,奏抄是唐代“下之通於上”的重要文書種類,“謂祭祀,支度國用,授六品已下官,斷流已上罪及除、免、官當者,並爲奏抄”[1]。“《隋令》有奏抄、奏彈、露布等”[2],唐代前期繼承隋制,奏抄是政務申報的重要文書形式。相關事務由尚書省上奏,經過門下省審查,然後由皇帝畫“聞”,成爲具有行政效力的公文。“中書門下體制”形成後,奏抄的重要性雖然下降,但直到宋代依然不廢。目前關於奏抄的研究,也已取得了較爲豐碩的成果,主要涉及奏抄的格式復原、三省制下奏抄的運作、奏抄使用範圍的變化、中書門下體制下奏抄的行用等問題[3]。“Zouchao”奏抄of the Sui and Tang dynasties did not directly evolve from“zou'an”奏案in earlier period.During the Northern and Southern Dynasties,the emperor's approval of“zou'an”was marked by“ke”可,while“zouchao”was marked by“wen”聞.“Zouchao”was not only similar to“the second rank imperial edict”第二品詔書and“zou'an+approval”,but also could be regarded as the development of“the third rank imperial edict”第三品詔書and“shangshu-chi”尚書敕since the Han dynasty.Therefore,the legal regulation of“zouchao”was regarded as edict.The establishment of“zouchao”was the result of the expansion of imperial power as well as the development of the function and power of the Secretariat(zhongshu sheng中書省),and the Chancellery(menxia sheng門下省).The name of“chao”or transcription might be related to the responsibility of the Chancellery of archiving and copying.The establishment of“zouchao”and the adjustment of the relevant document system were huge changes in the central administrative institution during the Sui and Tang dynasties.Moreover,the disappearance of“zou'an”is related to the change in the role of the Department of State Affairs(shangshu sheng尚書省).

关 键 词：《唐六典》 三省制 唐代前期 文書 門下 中書 隋唐 尚書省 

分 类 号：K241[历史地理—历史学] K242[历史地理—中国史]