海事审判“三合一”改革背景下海洋环境公益诉讼的实践困境与纾解对策——基于全国法院2019—2023年282篇裁判文书的实证考察  

The Practice Plights and Countermeasures of Marine Environmental Public Interest Litigation in the Context of the“three⁃in⁃one”Reform of Maritime Trials——An Empirical Study Based on 282 Judicial Documents Between 2019 and 2023 Courts Nationwide

作　　者：王岩 臧坦坦 WANG Yan;ZANG Tan⁃tan(Trial Supervision Division,Shanghai Maritime Court,Shanghai 200135;Laws and Regulations Division,Shanghai Maritime Safety Administration,Shanghai 200086,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事法院审判监督庭,上海200135 [2]上海海事局法规规范处,上海200086

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第2期183-200,共18页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“曙光计划”资助项目“海域使用权立法分层设权法律问题研究”(23SG43)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：海洋污染和生态破坏事件时有发生,这对如何更好地保护海洋生态环境提出了新课题。经对中国裁判文书网公开的近五年海洋环境公益诉讼案件裁判文书的梳理分析发现,当前海洋环境公益诉讼实践中存在对起诉主体范围认识不一,起诉主体优先等级本末倒置,缺少与海洋环境保护法相配套的法规及实施细则,当前海洋环境公益诉讼受到海事审判“三合一”改革进程制约等问题。为更好地保护海洋生态环境,今后应从进一步厘清公益诉讼原告的起诉顺位,完善细化海洋环境保护法配套法规,成立多级海洋环境保护委员会统筹海洋环境保护,深化海事审判“三合一”改革四个方面,不断完善海洋环境公益诉讼制度。Marine pollution and ecological destruction occur frequently,which present new challenges for better protecting the marine ecological environment.After sorting and analyzing the judicial documents of marine environmental public interest litigation cases made public on the China Judgment Online in the past five years,it is found that there are issues in the current practice of marine environmental public interest litigation,including inconsistent understandings of the scope of plaintiffs,inversion of the priority levels of plaintiffs,lack of supporting regulations and implementation rules that are compatible with the marine environmental protection law,and restrictions on current marine environmental public interest litigation by the“three⁃in⁃one”maritime trial reform process.In order to better promote the marine environmental protection in the future,we shoud continuously improve the public interest litigation system in marine environment from four aspects:futher clarifying the order of precedence for public interest plaintiffs,improving and refining the supporting regulations of the marine environmental protection law,establishing multi⁃level marine environmental protection committees to coordinate marine environmental protection,and deepening the“three⁃in⁃one”reform of maritime trials.

关 键 词：海洋环境 公益诉讼 海事审判“三合一” 实践困境 纾解对策 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D925[政治法律—法学]