论约翰·霍洛威对《资本论》起点及其革命叙事的意义重构  

John Holloway's Reconstruction of the Starting Point and Revolutionary Narrative of Capital

作　　者：邝光耀 夏巍 Kuang Guangyao;Xia Wei

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《当代国外马克思主义评论》2024年第2期273-295,共23页Contemporary Marxism Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想对唯物史观发展的原创性贡献研究”(22AKS001);中央社会主义学院统一战线高端智库重大项目“唯物史观视域下中国式现代化与西方现代化的文明观比较研究”(ZK202302105);复旦大学2023年度“泮林望菁”研究生创新计划项目“开放马克思主义视域下的政治经济学批判与批判理论”(2023FDMYC04)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：著名“开放马克思主义者”约翰·霍洛威认为,马克思在《资本论》开篇的分析不是以“商品”范畴为起点,而是从“财富”作为《资本论》第一句的主语出发,并强调这一起点重构具有巨大的理论价值和政治意义。通过对《资本论》开篇第一句话主词、宾词和谓词的重解,霍洛威将作为政治经济学批判的《资本论》理解为一部揭示“反抗与斗争”而非“统治与被统治”的革命性著作。基于对《资本论》起点及其革命叙事的意义重构,霍洛威逐一批驳了大卫·哈维、米夏埃尔·海因里希、莫依舍·普殊同、哈利·克里弗四位当代左翼代表性学者对《资本论》的政治式解读的偏颇不当之处,并提出从“摧毁资本主义”到“停止制造资本主义”的革命理论转向方案。然而,霍洛威基于马克思劳动二重性理论提出所谓以“具体行动”反抗“抽象劳动”的尝试,没有真正理解、领会到历史唯物主义中“劳动”这一范畴所具有的存在论革命意义,因而在其斗争策略的建构中,革命的现实物质基础以及斗争的首要目标——夺取生产资料所有权这一重要维度,被严重地消解乃至“遗忘”了。John Holloway,the famous“Open Marxist”,argues that Marx's analysis in the first chapter of Capital begins not with the category of“commodity”but with the“wealth”as the subject of the first sentence,and emphasizes the great theoretical value and political significance of this reconstruction of the starting point.By reinterpreting the subject,object,and predicate of the first sentence of Capital,Holloway understands Capital,as a critique of political economy,as a revolutionary work that reveals“revolt and struggle”rather than“rule and be ruled”.Based on the reconstruction of the meaning of the starting point of Capital and its revolutionary narrative,Holloway refutes one by one the bias and inappropriateness of the political interpretation of Capital by four representative scholars of the contemporary left,such as David Harvey,Michael Heinrich,Moishe Postone,and Harry Cleaver,and proposes a shift from“destroying capitalism”to“stoppingmaking capitalism”.However,Holloway's attempt to put forward the so-called“concrete action”against“abstract labor”based on Marx's theory of the duality of labor fails to truly understand and appreciate the category of“labor”in historical materialism.In the construction of its struggle strategy,the important dimension of the real material basis of the revolution and the primary goal of the struggle-the seizure of the ownership of the means of production-has been dissolved and even“forgotten”.

关 键 词：霍洛威 《资本论》 财富 商品 劳动二重性 

分 类 号：F091.3[经济管理—政治经济学] A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]