论《民法典》中的身体权概念  

On the Concept of the Right to Bodily Integrity in the Civil Code

作　　者：温世扬[1] 刘昶 Wen Shiyang;Liu Chang(Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期61-68,F0002,共9页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(23AFX020)。

摘　　要：作为定义类法条,《民法典》第1003条将法律保护作为规范目标,彰显了身体权的防御属性,身体权概念应依该规定加以重构。身体权不具备支配权能,身体部分的“客体化”与“工具化”倾向既忽视了身体部分无法作为支配对象的事实,也混淆了权利主体与权利客体的关系,与人格保护“先验性”的本旨相悖。作为身体权的权能之一,“身体完整”意指物理完整,性骚扰等侵扰精神安宁的行为不同于侵害身体权指向的人格要素,无法适用相同的侵权构成要件。与身体相分离的部分,即便权利人具备事后与身体再度结合的意思,也仅构成法律上的物,通过承认物上精神利益的保护即可解决问题。“行动自由”意指物理活动的自由,以可视化的身体为载体,与其他物质型人格权相同,应根据损害结果确定客观层面的民事责任要件,无须结合《民法典》第998条进行利益衡量。非法搜查以限制自然人的人身自由为前提,故纳入行动自由的保护范畴具备合理性。As a defining legal provision,Article 1003 of the Civil Code regards legal protection as the normative objective,highlighting the defensive nature of the right to the body.The concept of the right to the body should be reconstructed in accordance with this provision.The right to the body does not possess the power of domination,and the tendency towards objectification and instrumentalization of body parts ignores the fact that they cannot be used as objects of domination,and confuses the relationship between the subject and object of rights,which contradicts the principle of“a priori”personality protection.As one of the rights of the body,“bodily integrity”refers to physical integrity,and sexual harassment and other behaviors that disturb mental peace which are different from the personality elements targeted by the infringement of bodily rights,and cannot apply the same elements of infringement.The part separated from the body,even if the rights holder has the intention to reunite with the body afterwards,only constitutes a legal object,and the problem can be solved by recognizing the protection of spiritual interests in the object.Freedom of action refers to the freedom of physical activities,carried by a visualized body,which,like other material personality rights,should determine the objective civil liability elements based on the damage results,without the need to weigh interests in conjunction with Article 998 of the Civil Code.The premise of illegal search is to restrict the personal freedom of natural persons,so it is reasonable to include it in the protection scope of freedom of movement.

关 键 词：民法典 身体权 一般人格权 物理完整性 物理活动自由 

分 类 号：D922.7[政治法律—法学]