养老金水平对老年人消费的影响研究——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析  

The Impact of Pension Income Amount on Elderly Consumption:An Empirical Analysis Based on CHARLS Data

作　　者：郑莉 唐泽莲 吴华安[1,2] ZHENG Li;TANG Zelian;WU Hua’an(Institute for Chengdu-chongqing Economic Zone Development,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067;Chongqing Finance and Economics College,Chongqing 400067)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学成渝地区双城经济圈建设研究院,重庆400064 [2]重庆财经学院,重庆401320

出　　处：《攀枝花学院学报》2025年第1期21-34,共14页Journal of Panzhihua University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“典型都市圈‘进城落户新市民’可持续生计综合评价及保障政策研究”(19XJY006);重庆市研究生科研创新校级项目“重庆市银发消费关键因子挖掘及提升策略研究”(yjscxx2024-284-83)。

摘　　要：我国越来越重视银发经济的发展,老年消费有望成为扩大内需的重要领域和经济长期稳定增长的新引擎。基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2020年全国追踪调查数据,分析养老金水平对老年人消费的影响,且考察了劳动收入、子女经济支持以及健康状况等因素与养老金水平之间存在对老年人消费影响的调节效应,最后从户籍状况以及年龄维度展开异质效应分析。研究结果表明:养老金水平的提升与老年人整体及各类消费之间存在着极强的正向关系;在调节效应方面,劳动收入会在一定程度上抑制养老金水平提高对老年人消费所带来的提升效应,而子女经济支持越高会提升养老金水平对老年人医疗消费的促进作用;老年人健康状况越好则养老金水平提升对其基本消费的促进效应越明显,而对医疗消费存在抑制效应。在异质性方面,养老金水平提升对不同户籍类型老年人各类消费的影响存在显著系数差异,对于不同年龄阶段老年人总消费、基本消费、服务购买以及文化娱乐消费的影响存在显著组间系数差异,而对医疗消费的影响不存在显著系数差异。因此,应从统筹城乡养老保险机制、提供“适老”化产品、巩固家庭养老、提高老年人健康水平、发展老年文化娱乐产业等方面入手来进一步提升老年消费水平。As China places increasing emphasis on the development of the silver economy,elderly consumption is expected to become a crucial area for expanding domestic demand and a new driver for long-term economic growth.Based on the statistics of 2020 national survey from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),this paper analyzes the impact of pension income amount on elderly consumption and examines the moderating effects of labor income,children’s economic support,and health status on this issue.Additionally,the study conducts a heterogeneity analysis from the perspectives of household registration status and age.The results show a strong positive relationship between the increase in pension income amount and overall elderly consumption,as well as consumption in various categories.In terms of moderating effects,labor income to some extent mitigates the positive impact of increased pension income amount on elderly consumption,while the amount of economic support from children enhances the positive effect of pension income amount on medical consumption.Moreover,better health status of the elderly strengthens the positive impact of pension income amount on basic consumption but weakens the impact on medical consumption.Regarding heterogeneity,significant differences are observed in the coefficients of the impact of increased pension income amount on consumption across different household registration types and age groups.Specifically,the impact on total consumption,basic consumption,service consumption,and cultural and entertainment consumption varies significantly among different age groups,but no significant differences are found in the impact on medical consumption.Therefore,to further enhance elderly consumption,efforts should be directed towards coordinating urban and rural pension insurance systems,providing elderly-friendly products,reinforcing family-based elderly care,improving the health of the elderly,and developing the cultural and entertainment industry for the elderly.

关 键 词：养老金 老年人 消费 经济保障 消费结构 

分 类 号：F842.6[经济管理—保险] D669.6[政治法律—政治学]