调查研究与毛泽东妇女解放思想的形成  

Survey Research and the Formation of Mao Zedong's Thought on Women's Emancipation

作　　者：尹旦萍 李桂阳 YIN Danping;LI Guiyang(School of Marxism,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《湖南科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第6期1-8,共8页Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目(22FDJA002)。

摘　　要：妇女解放是毛泽东的政治理想,调查研究是毛泽东把握中国实际的基本方法。新民主主义革命时期,为了探索中国妇女解放道路,他对妇女群体进行了深入的调查研究。通过调查研究,他加深了对妇女问题的认识,提出了妇女解放的理论、道路和行动方案。一是发现政权、族权、神权和夫权是束缚中国妇女的“四条极大的绳索”,建构了中国妇女受压迫的解释体系;二是发现阶级解放是妇女解放的前提,开创了把妇女运动纳入阶级解放中、通过阶级解放推进妇女解放的独特道路;三是看到中国妇女在革命和生产中的巨大贡献,提出“中国妇女具有伟大的力量”,发展了马克思主义妇女认识论;四是认识到旧婚姻制度让妇女深受其害、妇女热切向往婚姻自由,提出把婚姻自由作为妇女解放的重点。这些理论和主张形成了毛泽东妇女解放思想,迈出了马克思主义妇女理论中国化的第一步。因此,调查研究是毛泽东通晓中国妇女实际的桥梁,是毛泽东妇女解放思想形成的基础。Women's liberation was Mao Zedong's political ideal,and research was his basic method of grasping China's reality.During the new democratic revolution,in order to explore the road of women's liberation in China,he conducted in-depth investigation and research on women.Through his investigation and research,he formed an understanding of the women's issue and put forward the theory,path and programme of action for women's liberation.Firstly,he found that the “four great ropes” binding Chinese women were regime,ethnicity,divinity and husband's right,and constructed an explanatory system of Chinese women's oppression.Secondly,he found that class emancipation was a prerequisite for women's emancipation,and created a unique path of integrating women's movement into class emancipation,and of advancing women's emancipation through class emancipation.Thirdly,he saw that the great importance of women in the revolution and production in China had been greatly reduced.Seeing the great contribution of Chinese women in revolution and production,he proposed that “Chinese women have great power” and developed the Marxist epistemology of women,and fourthly,recognizing that the old marriage system had caused great suffering to women and that women longed for the freedom of marriage,he proposed that the freedom of marriage be the main focus of women's emancipation.These theories and propositions formed Mao Zedong's thought on women's emancipation and took the first step towards the Sinicisation of Marxist women's theory.Therefore,investigation and research was the bridge for Mao Zedong to understand the reality of Chinese women and the foundation for the formation of Mao Zedong thought on women's emancipation.

关 键 词：毛泽东 调查研究 妇女解放 马克思主义妇女理论中国化 

分 类 号：A84[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]