美国海上退役油气平台造礁的政策研究及对我国的启示  

Policy research on the offshore rig-to-reef program in the US and its enlightenment to China

作　　者：周鑫 孔令娜 于跃 程嘉熠 韩建波[1] 王晓萌[1] ZHOU Xin;KONG Lingna;YU Yue;CHENG Jiayi;HAN Jianbo;WANG Xiaomeng(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Restoration,National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心国家环境保护海洋生态环境整治修复重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋科学》2024年第10期85-92,共8页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发专项(2017YFF0206904);国家海洋环境监测中心国家环境保护重点实验室项目(20220207)。

摘　　要：利用海上退役油气平台造礁是退役平台废弃处置方法之一。未来几年我国将迎来大量的海上油气平台退役,若全部拆除不仅面临技术难点与巨额资金的投入,同时对退役平台周围已建立的小型生态系统产生破坏。美国是最早开始尝试将退役平台改建人工鱼礁的国家,现已建立了相关的政策制度及监管体系。结合我国海上退役油气平台的管理现状发现:海上油气平台的退役备案以及人工鱼礁的建立是由不同的职能部门进行管理,申请退役油气平台建成人工鱼礁,需涉及较多法律法规及职能部门的审批。因此,本文通过梳理美国海上退役油气平台造礁项目管理体系,结合国内监管现状提出针对性建议,从而为退役平台再利用提供新思路。Building artificial reefs with decommissioned offshore oil and gas platforms is one way to dispose these structures.In the next few years,a large number of offshore oil and gas platforms will be decommissioned in China.Dismantling all of them will result in technical difficulties and huge financial investment.At the same time,this will damage small ecosystems established around decommissioned platforms.The US is the first country to try to convert decommissioned platforms into artificial reefs and has established relevant policies,systems,and regulatory systems.Combined with the current management of decommissioned offshore oil and gas platforms and artificial reefs in China,it is found that the filing of decommissioned offshore oil and gas platforms and establishment of artificial reefs are managed by different departments.Thus,the conversion of these platforms into artificial reefs needs to involve more laws,regulations,and approvals from the respective functional departments.Therefore,this paper examined the US project management system for building artificial reefs from decommissioned offshore oil and gas platforms,combined with the domestic regulatory status quo,to put forward targeted recommendations so as to provide new ideas for decommissioned platform reuse.

关 键 词：平台造礁 审批程序 所有权和责任 礁体管理 

分 类 号：P74[天文地球—海洋科学] TE5[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]