基于改进EMD的爆破振动信号降噪方法研究  

A denoising method for blasting vibration signals based on improved EMD

作　　者：闫鹏 张云鹏 周倩倩 杨曦 YAN Peng;ZHANG Yunpeng;ZHOU Qianqian;YANG Xi(College of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Mine Development and Safety Technology,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;Periodical Press,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学矿业工程学院,河北唐山063210 [2]华北理工大学河北省矿业开发与安全技术重点实验室,河北唐山063210 [3]华北理工大学期刊社,河北唐山063210

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第1期212-220,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：河北省教育厅在读研究生创新能力培养资助项目(CXZZBS2023124);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2023166);河北省自然科学基金(E2016209388);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074124)。

摘　　要：针对经验模态分解(EMD)算法存在端点效应和降噪效果不佳的问题,依据延拓—分解—聚类—降噪—重构思想,提出了改进EMD的爆破振动信号降噪方法。该方法联合了综合相似指数同时兼顾延拓信号的形状和幅值相似性的特点、K-means算法的聚类特性以及小波包的降噪优势,不仅可以有效抑制端点效应,也具有良好的降噪效果。研究结果表明:在仿真信号端点效应抑制试验中,与多项式拟合和边界局部特征延拓方法相比,改进EMD方法的能量误差和均方误差最小。在实测爆破振动信号降噪中,与EMD和变分模态分解(VMD)方法相比,改进EMD方法的信噪比(20.94 dB)最大,均方根误差(0.0031)最小。改进EMD方法不仅可以较好保存中低频(0~200 Hz)信号能量,对200 Hz以上高频噪声也具有良好滤除效果。Here,aiming at problems of end effect and poor denoising effect in empirical mode decomposition(EMD)algorithm,an improved EMD-based blasting vibration signal denoising method was proposed according to idea of extension-decomposition-clustering-denoising-reconstruction.This method could combine characteristics of comprehensive similarity index to give consideration to both shape and amplitude similarity of extended signals,clustering characteristics of K-means algorithm and denoising advantages of wavelet packet,so it could not only effectively suppress end effect,but also have good denoising effect.The study results showed that in simulated signal’s end effect suppression tests,compared with polynomial fitting and boundary local feature extension methods,improved EMD method has the smallest energy error and mean square error;in actually measuring blasting vibration signal denoising,compared with EMD and variational mode decomposition(VMD)methods,improved EMD method has the maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 20.94 dB and the minimum RMS error of 0.0031;improved EMD method can not only better preserve signal energy with mid-low frequency of 0-200 Hz,but also have a good filtering effect on high-frequency noise above 200 Hz.

关 键 词：经验模态分解(EMD) 爆破振动信号 端点效应 K-MEANS算法 小波包 降噪 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设] O384[理学—流体力学]