农田测坑作物需水量测量系统研制与应用  

Development and Application of a Crop Water Demand Measuring System for Pits in Farmland

作　　者：万浩平 WAN Hao-ping(Institute of Disaster Prevention,Reduction and Water Engineering Safety,Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering,Nanchang 330029,Jiangxi Province,China;Jiangxi Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Water Engineering in Poyang Lake Basin,Nanchang 330029,Jiangxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水利科学院防灾减灾与水工程安全研究所,江西南昌330029 [2]江西省鄱阳湖流域生态水利技术创新中心,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第1期30-36,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：江西省水利厅科技项目(201820YBKT13)。

摘　　要：针对农田测坑作物需水量测定方式落后、效率低下,无普适性自动测量仪器的现状,设计开发了一种高精度测坑作物需水量(腾发量)自动测量系统。系统基于测针每日整点自动下行测量水位的原理,采用主机与传感器分离式结构设计,设计了入水检测电路,解决了测针极化、水体电导率变化可能引起的测量误差,应用楔形设计免维护消隙螺杆,为传感器长时间稳定运行提供了保障。经试验,系统测量分辨率为0.01 mm,100 mm量程范围内测量误差≤0.01 mm,走时精度误差≤±1 min/月。系统在试验基地大型综合测坑进行了应用,长时间运行稳定、可靠,具有较好的推广应用价值。To address the current situation of outdated,inefficient and non universal automatic measuring instruments for measuring crop water demand in agricultural pits,a high-precision automatic measuring instrument for measuring crop water demand(evapotranspiration)in pits has been designed and developed.The instrument operates on the principle of automatically measuring water levels using a needle at hourly intervals,featuring a separate structure for the host and sensor,and an innovatively designed water inlet detection circuit.This design resolves measurement errors caused by needle polarization and changes in water conductivity.The applyment of a wedge-designed,maintenance-free clearance screw provided guarantee for long-term stable operation of sensors.Testing results indict that the instrument has a measurement resolution of 0.01 mm,the measurement error within a range of 100 mm is under 0.01 mm,and a travel time accuracy error under 1 minute/month.The instrument has been applied in a large-scale comprehensive measurement pit at the Irrigation test station,stable and reliable for a long time,and has good promotion and application value.

关 键 词：农田测坑 作物需水量 腾发量 测量精度 水位 入水检测电路 消隙螺杆 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] S274.4[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]