小麦玉米间作畦沟分灌作物根系生长特征研究  

Study on Root Growth Characteristics of Wheat Maize Intercropping under Border Furrow Irrigation Pattern

作　　者：苗庆丰[1] 温雅琴 倪东宁 史海滨[1] 李瑞平[1] MIAO Qing-feng;WEN Ya-qin;NI Dong-ning;SHI Hai-bin;LI Rui-ping(Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Huhhot Water Resources and River and Lake Protection Center,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]呼和浩特市水资源与河湖保护中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第1期37-40,50,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：内蒙古引黄灌区水资源时空调控与节约集约利用技术集成示范(2023JBGS0003);内蒙古自治区自然基金项目(2019BS05015);国家重点实验室开放基金(2018nkms04);内蒙古农业大学青年骨干基金(2017XQG-5)。

摘　　要：为探究小麦玉米间作与畦沟分灌灌水模式下作物根系的生长分布特征及对产量的影响,试验以间作常规畦灌模式为对照进行了对比研究。结果表明:沟灌玉米前期不灌溉,经历了水分亏缺的锻炼,在水势梯度作用下,刺激了根系的生长发育,下扎深度明显大于畦灌玉米;常规畦灌小麦表层0~60 cm垂向根干质量密度要显著大于畦沟分灌,根系更为发达。同时期沟灌玉米根系量要显著大于畦灌玉米,拔节期和抽雄吐丝期0~25 cm处平均值大22.76%和16.13%;常规畦灌小麦水平方向根干质量明显高于畦沟分灌小麦,且沟灌玉米灌水后随生育期延长,差异性减弱。受沟灌边行玉米的根系生长影响,常规畦灌小麦产量较畦沟分灌高9.92%;受根系生长补偿效应的刺激作用影响,沟灌玉米产量较常规畦灌高13.49%。In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of crop root growth and its influence on yield under wheat-to-corn intercropping and border irrigation water pattern,a comparative study was conducted between conventional intercropping and border irrigation pattern.The results showed that the root growth and development of furrow irrigation corn were stimulated under water potential gradient because of the absence of irrigation in the early stage,and the depth of rooting was obviously greater than that under furrow irrigation corn.The dry mass density of 0~60 cm vertical root under conventional border irrigation was significantly higher than that under border furrow irrigation,and the root system was more developed.In the same period,the root amount of furrow irrigation corn was significantly greater than that of border irrigation corn,and the mean root amount at 0~25 cm at jointing stage and tasseling stage was 22.76%and 16.13%higher.The horizontal root dry weight of wheat under conventional border irrigation was significantly higher than that under border furrow irrigation,and the difference decreased as the growth period of corn under furrow irrigation was prolonged.Wheat yield under border furrow irrigation was 9.92%higher than that under border furrow irrigation,influenced by the root growth of corn.The yield of corn under furrow irrigation was 13.49%higher than that under conventional border irrigation due to the root growth compensation effect.

关 键 词：河套灌区 畦沟分灌 根系生长特征 产量 小麦 玉米 灌水方式 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]