有机肥配施生物炭对碱化土壤真菌群落结构的影响研究  

The Effect of Organic Fertilizer Combined with Biochar on the Fungal Community Structure in Alkalized Soil

作　　者：王正[1] 马金龙 黄钰辉 王珍 孙兆军[3] WANG Zheng;MA Jin-long;HUANG Yu-hui;WANG Zhen;SUN Zhao-jun(College of Xinhua,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;School of Civil Engineering and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学新华学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2025年第1期61-67,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：宁夏大学新华学院科学研究基金资助项目(22XHKY07);宁夏回族自治区教育厅高等学校科学研究项目(NYG2024214);宁夏大学新华学院博士科研启动基金项目(23RSKY01)。

摘　　要：为探究有机肥配施生物炭对干旱区碱化土壤真菌群落结构的重塑效果,通过田间试验,采用高通量测序技术研究不同用量有机肥(0、7.5 t/hm^(2))和生物炭(0、2%和4%)配施对土壤真菌群落结构及作物产量的影响。结果表明:相较于对照,7.5 t/hm^(2)有机肥与2%、4%生物炭复配处理显著降低了门分类水平上子囊菌门的相对丰度,而担子菌门和球囊菌门等有益菌群的相对丰度显著提高;土壤真菌的Observed指数和Shannon指数明显增加,Simpson指数明显减少,复配处理明显改善了土壤真菌的丰富度和多样性,改变了土壤真菌群落结构。同时,复配处理有利于油葵生长及产量增加,其中7.5 t/hm^(2)有机肥配施4%生物炭的产量最高,为2521.5 kg/hm^(2),较对照增加1589.1 kg/hm^(2)。因此,相较于单一材料,有机肥配施生物炭可以进一步优化土壤真菌群落结构及多样性,提高作物产量。To explore the reshaping effect of combined application of organic fertilizer and biochar on reshaping the fungal community structure in alkaline soils of arid regions,field experiments were conducted using high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the influences of various levels of organic fertilizer(0,7.5 t/hm^(2))and biochar(0,2%,and 4%)on soil fungal community structure and crop yield.The results showed that,compared with the control,the combination treatment of 7.5 t/hm^(2)organic fertilizer and 2%and 4%biochar reduced the relative abundance of Ascomycota at the phylum level,and beneficial microbiota increased,such as Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota.The Observed index and Shannon index of soil fungi increased,significantly,while the Simpson index decreased.The compound treatment improved the richness,diversity and community structure of soil fungi,which was beneficial for the growth and yield of oil sunflower.The yield of 7.5 t/hm^(2)organic fertilizer combined with 4%biochar was the highest,reaching 2521.5 kg/hm^(2),an increase of 1589.1 kg/hm^(2)compared to the control.Therefore,compared to using a single material,the combination of organic fertilizer and biochar can further improve the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities,and increase crop yields.

关 键 词：有机肥 生物炭 碱化土壤 真菌 群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]