春灌淋洗暗管排水条件下土壤水盐运移规律分析  

Analysis of soil water and salt transport patterns under spring irrigation drenching and pipe draining conditions

作　　者：董建华 杨阳 李磐 敖畅 曾文治 刘义[4] 黄介生[1] DONG Jianhua;YANG Yang;LI Pan;AO Chang;ZENG Wenzhi;LIU Yi;HUANG Jiesheng(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830092,China;Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Saline-Alkali Land in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830092,China;College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水利水电学院,武汉430072 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830092 [3]农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(干旱半干旱盐碱地)重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830092 [4]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京211100

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2024年第6期1482-1492,共11页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900805)。

摘　　要：为探讨灌排协调条件下土壤水盐运移规律并提出适宜的暗管工程布局,本研究于2024年在新疆伽师县示范区通过春灌淋洗结合暗管布设(4种埋深:1.2、1.4、1.6 m和1.8 m;3种间距:20、30 m和40 m)分析排水排盐条件下土壤水盐运移分布规律及土壤脱盐变化情况。结果表明:春灌淋洗期间各小区暗管排水量均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,矿化度呈逐渐上升趋势。暗管间距与暗管排水排盐量呈负相关关系。同时,排水矿化度与暗管埋深呈正相关,与暗管间距呈负相关。春灌前0~40 cm深度平均土壤含水率为0.30 cm^(3)·cm^(-3),160 cm以下土壤含水率接近饱和,为0.44 cm^(3)·cm^(-3)。春灌淋洗结束后,0~40 cm平均含盐量变化范围为4.33~12.12 g·kg^(-1),40~200 cm平均含盐量变化范围为2.51~8.49 g·kg^(-1),说明土壤剖面含水率整体呈现随土壤深度增加逐渐上升的趋势,土壤剖面含盐量随深度增加逐渐减少。春灌后1.2、1.4、1.6 m和1.8 m暗管埋深的平均脱盐率分别为29.06%、31.97%、34.45%和36.20%,20、30 m和40 m暗管间距的平均脱盐率分别为36.46%、33.13%和29.17%,说明土壤脱盐率随着暗管埋深增大而增大,随暗管间距的增大而减小。综合考虑淋洗后土壤脱盐率和暗管布设成本等因素,研究推荐在该地区以及类似地区布设1.8 m埋深、30 m间距暗管较为合适。研究表明,春灌淋洗结合暗管技术可有效降低土壤含盐量,从而有效治理土壤盐碱化问题,推动新疆农业可持续发展。To explore the law of soil water and salt transportation under coordinated irrigation and drainage conditions and propose a suitable culvert pipe project layout.In this study,we analyzed the distribution of soil water and salt transport and the changes in soil desalination under drainage and salinity removal conditions by combining spring irrigation and drenching with the layout of culvert pipes(four burial depths:1.2,1.4,1.6 m,and 1.8 m;and three spacings:20,30 m,and 40 m)in the demonstration area of Jiashi County,Xinjiang,in 2024.The results showed that during the spring irrigation drenching period,the drainage volume of the culvert pipe in each plot showed a gradually decreasing trend,and the mineralization degree showed a gradually increasing trend.The size of the pipe spacing was negatively correlated with the amount of salt discharged from the pipe.The average soil water content at depths of 0-40 cm before and after spring irrigation was 0.30 cm^(3)·cm^(-3),and the soil water content below 160 cm was close to saturation at 0.44 cm^(3)·cm^(-3).The average salinity varied from 4.33 to 12.12 g·kg^(-1) in 0-40 cm soil layer and from 2.51 to 8.49 g·kg^(-1) in 40-200 cm soil layer.This indicates that the soil profile water content shows an overall trend of gradual increase with soil depth.Soil profile salinity gradually decreases with depth.The average desalination rates were 29.06%,31.97%,34.45%,and 36.20%for 1.2,1.4,1.6 m,and 1.8 m culvert depths,respectively,and 36.46%,33.13%and 29.17%for 20,30 m and 40 m culvert spacing,respectively.It indicates that the soil desalination rate increases with increasing culvert burial depth and decreases with increasing culvert spacing.Combined with the desalination rate of the soil after washing and the cost of laying the culvert pipe,this study recommends the use of a 1.8 m burial depth and 30 m spacing in this area and similar areas is more appropriate.The study shows that spring irrigation drenching combined with concealed pipe technology can effectively reduce soil sa

关 键 词：春灌 暗管排水排盐 水盐运移 脱盐率 灌排协同 

分 类 号：S277[农业科学—农业水土工程]