18世纪英国视域中的路易十四——兼论18世纪英法关系  

Louis XIV from the 18th Century English Perspective:with a Partial Discussion of Anglo-French Relations

作　　者：徐桑奕 Xu Sangyi

机构地区：[1]中山大学国际关系学院,珠海519000 [2]中山大学大洋洲研究中心,珠海519000 [3]中山大学区域国别研究院,珠海519000

出　　处：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期172-184,共13页Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：法国国王路易十四的长期统治,深刻改变了近代欧洲局势,也影响了英法两国之间的关系走向。在“后路易十四时代”,英国人依据各类信息,塑造了他们心目中的路易十四及法国。在18世纪英国的军政实况与民族意识中,法国一直在“真实的敌人”与“假想的敌人”之间更替,而路易十四则成为了“敌人”形象的精粹,故在民谣等本土文化中,他的形象大抵以负面为主。在社会文化与文艺创作的层面,路易十四的轶事屡见诸于报刊,有一些也展现了他身上较为“正面”的特质。从历史研究和功过评价的角度看,法国著述的译介使得路易十四被置于学术语境中讨论,学者们褒贬不一,对他的评价存在争议。由此,路易十四所代表的法国及其文化也令英国人警惕,他们担心,法国文化的传播会使得英式民族精神衰退。总之,对于英国而言,路易十四既是一位真实存在过的敌人,又是一个令他们长期警觉的文化象征。The long reign of King Louis XIV of France profoundly changed the situation in modern Europe,and also affected the course of relations between Britain and France.In the“post-Louis XIV era”,the English People have also shaped King Louis XIV and France in their mind based on various information and tendencies.Provided the military and political reality,and national consciousness of England in the 18th century,France had been alternating between“real enemy”and“imaginary enemy”,and Louis XIV became the essence of the image of“enemy”,therefore in the local culture such as folk songs,his image was mostly negative.However,at the level of social culture and literary creation,anecdotes of Louis XIV were often found in the press,and some of them show his more“positive”qualities.From the point of view of historical research and assessment of merits and demerits,the translation of French writings has placed Louis XIV in a scholarly context,and scholars have mixed reviews of him and his evaluation is controversial.Last but not least,Louis XIV’s representation of France and its culture made the English wary;they feared that the spread of French culture would lead to the decline of the English national spirit.In short,for Britain,Louis XIV was both a real-life enemy and a cultural symbol that kept them on their toes.

关 键 词：路易十四 形象塑造与变迁 正史与轶事 英法关系 

分 类 号：D856.1[政治法律—政治学] D856.5[政治法律—外交学] K561.4[历史地理—历史学] K565.3[历史地理—世界史]