鲁迅与汉语史重建  

Lu Xun and reconstruction of the Chinese language history

作　　者：杨伟忠 YANG Weizhong(Research Institute of Minnan Culture,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou 363000,China)

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学闽南文化研究院,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期85-94,共10页Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：20世纪初的文学革命同时也是一场语言革命,一面为中国文学开新启昧,一面建成现代汉语的基本形态。然而,以胡适为代表的理论家于五四时期颁发的“由文言趋于白话”的主流汉语史理论并没有充分阐明汉语的发展规律。作为新文学最具分量的创作家,鲁迅因而着手重建新的汉语史。鲁迅发现,汉字之初即与汉语分而治之,在汉字居于中心地位的话语结构中,汉语长期为汉字所遮蔽,发展十分缓慢。“由文言趋于白话”的汉语史理论本质上只是文字学视角下显现出来的幻象,真正的汉语仍有待发掘。鲁迅晚年加入新兴的大众语运动,并非被动接受。事实上,主要是由鲁迅重建的汉语史为大众语运动架设了坚固的理论基础。鲁迅分别从拉丁化、方言化和欧化等方面为大众语运动指明了发展方向,接续文学革命遗留的汉语改革任务。The literary revolution in the early twentieth century was also a language revolution,which opened up new horizons for Chinese Literature on the one hand and established the basic form of modern Chinese on the other hand.However,the mainstream Chinese language history theory of“from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese”constructed by theorists represented by Hu Shih during May 4th Movement did not fully explain the development rules of Chinese.As the most important writer of new literature,Lu Xun set out to rebuild a new Chinese language history.He discovered that when Chinese characters were created originally,Chinese characters and Chinese language went their separate ways,and in the discourse structure where Chinese characters were at the center,Chinese language was long obscured by Chinese characters and hence developed slowly.The Chinese language history theory of“from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese”was essentially just an illusion projected from the perspective of philology,and the real Chinese language was yet to be discovered.In Lu Xun’s later years,he joined the burgeoning popular language movement of his own accord,instead of being forced.Actually,it was the Chinese language history built by Lu Xun that consolidated the theoretical basis of popular language movement.Lu Xun offered a good guide for the popular language movement from such aspects as resorting to Latin,to dialects and to European languages,continuing the task of Chinese language reform left over from the literary revolution.

关 键 词：鲁迅 汉语史 文学革命 大众语 白话文学 

分 类 号：I210.96[文学—中国文学]