应用无人机施药防治红松球果种实害虫的效果  

The Effectiveness of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Pesticide Application in Controlling Insect Pests of Pinus koraiensis Cone Seeds

作　　者：周永亚 杨志 陈汝婷 许建娇 张瀚文 迟德富[1] 宇佳[1] Zhou Yongya;Yang Zhi;Chen Ruting;Xu Jianjiao;Zhang Hanwen;Chi Defu;Yu Jia(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China;Fuyuan City Forest Farm;Fuyuan Forestry and Grass Development Center)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]抚远市林场 [3]抚远市林草事业发展中心

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第3期96-104,共9页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1401000);黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(2023ZX02B05)。

摘　　要：为探究应用无人机施药对防治红松(Pinus koraiensis Siebold&Zucc.)球果种实害虫的效果,在调查一面坡林场的红松种实害虫种类、监测成虫期羽化动态的基础上,选用2种绿色无公害药剂,对危害程度较重的红松林进行无人机低容量喷洒防治试验。结果表明:尚志地区红松种实害虫主要有油松球果小卷蛾(Gravitarmata margarotana)、梢斑螟属(Dioryctria(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae))害虫及小花尺蛾(Eupithecia abietaria debrunneata)。油松球果小卷蛾羽化盛期在5月中旬;梢斑螟属害虫羽化盛期为6月中下旬;而8月上旬为小花尺蛾成虫羽化始盛期;选用质量分数为3%的高效氯氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂和质量分数为8%的高氯氟•噻虫胺微囊悬浮剂作为防治药剂,在成虫羽化的始盛期,分别于2023年5月17—18日、6月19—20日、8月9—10日,进行3次无人机防治。飞防作业的有效喷幅宽度达10 m,各项技术指标,如雾滴的平均体积中值直径、平均覆盖密度、平均分布均匀度、平均雾滴谱宽度符合行业标准中,低容量喷洒作业质量标准。在无人机防治作业10~15 d后进行球果被害情况调查发现,与对照区相比,防治油松球果小卷蛾后,球果被害率减退率为70.52%,虫口减退率为89.27%;防治梢斑螟属害虫后,球果被害率减退率为72.46%,虫口减退率为87.27%;防治小花尺蛾后,球果被害率减退率为76.66%,虫口减退率为88.35%。3次无人机防治作业后,红松球果害虫虫口密度减少85%以上,球果被害率降低70%以上,种子被害率降低87.83%,红松种实害虫的危害得到了有效控制,总体防治效果较为理想。To investigate the effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)pesticide application in controlling insect pests of Pinus koraiensis cones and seeds,we first surveyed the species of insect pests present in a slope forest and monitored the emergence dynamics of adult insects.Two types of environmentally friendly pesticides were selected for low-volume drone spraying interventions on severely affected P.koraiensis forests.The results showed that the main insect pests of P.koraiensis in the Shangzhi area included Gravitarmata margarotana,Dioryctria(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae),and Eupithecia abietaria debrunneata.The peak emergence period for G.margarotana occurred in mid-May,whereas Dioryctria emerged in late June.The initial peak emergence for E.abietaria debrunneata was noted in early August.For the control measures,we utilized a microencapsulated suspension with 3%lambda-cyhalothrin and another with 8%lambda-cyhalothrin·clothianidin.Treatments aligned with the initial to peak emergence periods of the adult insects were conducted via UAV on May 17-18,June 19-20,and August 9-10,2023.The effective spray width during drone operations reached 10 meters,and all technical indicators,including droplet median volume diameter,average coverage density,distribution uniformity,and droplet spectrum width,met industry standards for low-volume spraying quality.A follow-up investigation on cone damage was conducted 10 to 15 days after the UAV control application.The results showed that compared to the control area,the damage rate for cones after controlling G.margarotana decreased by 70.52%,and the pest density reduced by 89.27%.Following the treatment for Dioryctria,the cone damage rate reduced by 72.46%and pest density decreased by 87.27%.After managing E.abietaria debrunneata,the damage rate of cones declined by 76.66%,with an 88.35%reduction in pest density.Overall,following the three UAV control applications,the density of insect pests on P.koraiensis cones decreased by over 85%,the cone damage rate reduced by over 70%,and the

关 键 词：红松 种实害虫 植保无人机 作业质量 防治效果 

分 类 号：S763.42[农业科学—森林保护学]