耦合余热回收的固体氧化物电解槽影响机理及[火用]分析  

Influence Mechanism of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Coupled With Waste Heat Recovery and Its Exergy Analysis

作　　者：王洋 杨雁[2] 张伟[2] 王红涛 张莉[1] 曹军[1] WANG Yang;YANG Yan;ZHANG Wei;WANG Hongtao;ZHANG Li;CAO Jun(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai,200237,China;SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116000,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200237 [2]中国石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《石油学报(石油加工)》2025年第1期156-165,共10页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金项目(20ZR1413200);中国石油化工股份有限公司科技开发项目(320131-3)基金资助。

摘　　要：固体氧化物电解槽(SOEC)技术是一种电解高温蒸汽制氢的电化学技术,其性能受多个操作参数影响,需在合理的操作条件下运行电堆以保证高效产氢。利用Matlab Simulink模块建立了基于电化学理论的SOEC电堆模型并进行参数分析,研究了电堆温度、电流密度和蒸汽浓度对SOEC特性的影响。结果表明:随温度升高总电压和过电位减小,反应所需的总能耗略微增加,但对电能需求降低;电流密度增大导致过电位和电池电压增加;提高阴极蒸汽浓度可改善电堆制氢效率。当操作温度1173K、电流密度6000A/m^(2)和蒸汽体积分数90%时,电堆效率可达97%。以该工况为制氢流程模拟的初始条件,编写m文件建立了包括系统平衡组件和电气设备的热力学模型,便于对制氢系统整体效率进行分析。系统中工业废热为SOEC电解反应提供热能,对各废热回收设备进行夹点温差分析验证了换热布局有效性。[火用]分析结果表明,系统[火用]破坏最大的为蒸汽发生器,其次为电堆,系统[火用]效率可达73.9%。Solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)is an electrochemical technology for producing hydrogen by high-temperature steam electrolysis.The performance of SOEC is affected by various operation parameters.Therefore,it is necessary to run the stack under reasonable operating conditions to ensure efficient hydrogen production.A SOEC stack model based on electrochemical theory was established using Matlab Simulink module,and relevant parameters were analyzed;the effects of stack temperature,current density and steam concentration on SOEC characteristics were studied.The results reveal that the total voltage and overpotential decrease with the increase of temperature,total energy consumption increases slightly,and the demand for electric energy drops.Moreover,the increase in current density causes overpotential and cell voltage to rise,and the hydrogen production efficiency can be improved by increasing the cathode vapor concentration.At the operating temperature of 1173 K,current density of 6000 A/m^(2),and steam volumetric fraction of 90%,the stack efficiency can reach 97%.These operating conditions were determined as the initial conditions for the simulation of hydrogen production process,and m file was prepared to establish the thermodynamic models including system balance components and electrical equipment,so as to analyze the overall efficiency of hydrogen production system.The industrial waste heat in the system provides thermal energy for electrolysis reaction in SOEC.Pinch point temperature difference analysis for each waste heat recovery equipment was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the heat transfer layout.The exergy analysis shows that the exergy destruction is greatest in steam generator,followed by stack,and the exergy efficiency can reach 73.9%.

关 键 词：固体氧化物电解槽 余热回收 制氢系统 夹点温差 [火用]分析 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理] TQ16[化学工程—高温制品工业]