马克思《论犹太人问题》中“人类解放”思想的历史考量与现实观照  

Rethinking“On the Jewish Question”:The Modernity Pursuit of the Road to Human Liberation

作　　者：崔延强[1] 张子扬 Yanqiang Cui;Ziyang Zhang

机构地区：[1]西南大学马克思主义学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《世界民族》2024年第6期1-14,共14页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国共产党关于繁荣发展哲学社会科学的历史经验研究”(项目编号:21&ZD03821)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：探寻人的解放是贯穿马克思一生的思想主线和核心要义。马克思致力于改造现代社会中人的“本质错位”的生存境遇,旨在将人从物质的枷锁中挣脱出来,在全面占有人的本质的基础上实现人的解放。《论犹太人问题》作为历史唯物主义形成的起始阶段和现代性批判的重要宣言,马克思对犹太人问题的讨论将思想论域聚焦于政治解放和人的解放的关系问题。在犹太人问题成为当代普遍问题的时代背景下,马克思借助宗教批判、政治批判与市民社会批判的历史唯物主义方法,深刻洞察了“人的解放”的整体向度与未来图景,清晰阐明了政治国家与市民社会分裂的本质原因。伴随着犹太人问题的时代转换,宗教复兴运动的死灰复燃重新给现代国家披上了宗教的外衣,西方学界关于共同体的现代建构始终处于抽象思辨的境地而停滞不前,人的主体性在资本逻辑主导下无法揭开人类解放的面纱。如何回归人类解放的本相面目,省察现代性的顽固性和矛盾性,成为马克思主义中国化时代化的历史使命。To explore the liberation of man is the main line and core meaning of Marx's thought throughout his life. Marx was committed to transforming the living situation of human's“essence dislocation” in modern society, aiming to free man from the material shackles and realize man's liberation on the basis of full possession of his essence. As the initial stage of the formation of historical materialism and an important declaration of modernity critique, Marx's On the Jewish Question focused on discussing the relationship between political liberation and human liberation in the ideological field. Under the background that the Jewish problem became a common problem in the contemporary era, Marx, with the help of the historical materialism method of religious critique, political critique and civil society critique, deeply penetrated the overall dimension and future picture of “human liberation”, and clearly expounded the essential cause of the split between the political state and civil society. Along with the transformation of the Jewish problem, the resurgence of religious revival movement has re-coated the modern state with religion. The modern construction of the community by the Western academia has always been stuck in a situation of abstract speculation, and human subjectivity cannot uncover the veil of human liberation under the dominance of capital logic. How to return to the essence of human liberation and examine the stubbornness and contradiction of modernity has become the historical mission of the Sinicization of Marxism.

关 键 词：犹太人问题 宗教解放 政治解放 人类解放 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]