硅酸盐矿物基土壤改良剂降低土壤酸度及促进菠菜生长的效果  

Research on the effect of silicates mineral based soil amendments on reducing soil acidity and promoting the growth of spinach

作　　者：范贝贝 黄尚书 黎鑫林 周林 王成孜 伍亮 Fan Beibei;Huang Shangshu;Li Xinlin;Zhou Lin;Wang Chengzi;Wu Liang(Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resourc-es,Nanchang 331717,China;Jinggangshan Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee,Ji’an 343016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京211135 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]江西省红壤及种质资源研究所,江西南昌331717 [4]江西省吉安市井冈山农业科技园管理委员会,江西吉安343036

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期93-102,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021TC117);江西省重点研发计划(20203BBF63038);井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅”项(20222-051261)。

摘　　要：[目的]土壤酸化是限制农业绿色高质量发展的重要因素之一,研发高效土壤改良剂有助于提高酸性农田生产力,保障粮食安全。[方法]本研究采用盆栽试验,评估来源广泛的硅酸盐矿物基土壤改良剂在降低土壤酸度和缓解铝毒害的效果,明确其对菠菜生长的影响。[结果]与对照相比,硅酸盐矿物+牡蛎壳(T2)、硅酸盐矿物+硅钙钾镁肥(T3)、硅酸盐矿物+羟基磷灰石(T4)和硅酸盐矿物+生物炭(T5)处理均能提高土壤pH(0.21~1.46个单位),降低土壤交换性酸(24.3%~85.2%)、交换性氢(11.0%~65.9%)和交换性Al^(3+)(30.9%~94.7%);其中,T2处理在提高土壤pH(1.46个单位)和降低土壤交换性Al^(3+)(94.7%)方面效果最佳。同时,T2、T3、T4和T5处理也降低了土壤交换性Al^(3+)在土壤交换性酸中的占比(9.0%~64.8%)。此外,T2、T3、T4和T5处理均能促进菠菜生长,提高植株钙镁累积量,并降低植株铝浓度。与对照相比,菠菜地上部鲜重和干重分别增加0.60~17.90倍和0.16~5.32倍;植株钙镁累积量分别增加123.0%~1170.0%和75.0%~1684.0%,植株铝浓度降低10.2%~86.0%。Pearson和PCA分析结果表明,土壤交换性Al^(3+)含量(P<0.001)、植株铝浓度(P<0.01)和植株镁浓度(P<0.001)是影响菠菜生物量的重要因素。[结论]综上,硅酸盐矿物复配牡蛎壳制备的硅酸盐矿物基土壤改良剂在土壤酸化阻控和促进作物生长方面具有较大的应用前景,可为硅酸盐矿物利用和土壤酸化改良提供技术支持。[Objective]Soil acidification is one of the key factors limiting the green and high-quality development of agriculture.Developing effective soil amendments can enhance the productivity of acidic farmlands and ensure food security.[Methods]In this study,pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of silicate mineral based soil amendments from diverse sources on reducing soil acidity and alleviating aluminum(Al)toxicity,and promoting the growth of spinach.[Results]The results demonstrated that,compared with CK,treatments including silicate mineral+oyster shell(T2),silicate mineral+silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer(T3),silicate mineral+hydroxyapatite(T4)and silicate mineral+biochar(T5)increased soil pH by 0.21 to 1.46 units and reduced exchangeable acidity by 24.3%to 85.2%,exchangeable H+by 11.0%to 65.9%,and exchangeable Al^(3+)by 30.9%to 94.7%.Among these,T2 treatment demonstrated the best results,increasing soil pH by 1.46 units and reducing soil exchangeable Al^(3+)by 94.7%.Besides,T2,T3,T4,and T5 treatments reduced the proportion of exchangeable Al^(3+)in soil exchangeable acidity by 9.0%to 64.8%.These treatments also promoted spinach growth,enhanced the accumulation of Ca and Mg in plants,and reduced the concentration of Al in plants.In addition,fresh weight and dry weight of spinach increased by 0.60 to 17.90 times and 0.16 to 5.32 times,respectively.The treatments enhanced plant Ca accumulation by 123.0%to 1170.0%and Mg accumulation by 75.0%to 1684.0%,while reducing plant Al concentration by 10.2%to 86.0%.Pearson correlation and PCA analysis showed that soil exchangeable Al^(3+)content(P<0.001),plant Al concentration(P<0.01)and plant Mg concentration(P<0.001)were the core factors affecting spinach biomass.[Conclusion]Silicate mineral based soil amendments,particularly those combining silicate minerals with oyster shells,showed great potential for preventing soil acidification and promoting crop growth.These findings provided technical support for the utilization of silicate minerals and

关 键 词：硅酸盐矿物 土壤酸化 交换性Al^(3+) 菠菜生物量 钙镁吸收 

分 类 号：S141.9[农业科学—肥料学]