城市农药面源污染经人工湿地去除效果及途径分析  

Analysis of the removal efficiency and pathways of urban pesticide non-point source pollution through constructed wetlands

作　　者：曲军辉 王彬 张志刚 马丹 徐晓俊 成中芹[1] QU Junhui;WANG bin;ZHANG Zhigang;MA Dan;XU Xiaojun;CHENG Zhongqin(School of Life Science,Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,China;Dianshan Lake Station of Kunshan Water Comprehensive Management Center,Suzhou 215345,China;Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition,Jiangsu,Suzhou 215123,China;Suzhou Humble Administrator’s Garden Management Office,Suzhou 215001,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学生命科学学院,江苏苏州215123 [2]昆山市水事综合管理中心淀山湖管理站,江苏苏州215345 [3]江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室,江苏苏州215123 [4]苏州市拙政园管理处,江苏苏州215001

出　　处：《生物加工过程》2025年第1期49-55,共7页Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering

基　　金：苏州市关键核心技术攻关项目(SNG2023010)。

摘　　要：城市绿化管理对农药依赖性使得雨水径流中的农药对人体健康的潜在威胁不容忽视。为减少随雨水径流进入河湖水体的农药量,本文模拟绿化养护中农药的批次排放模式,构建人工湿地来模拟生态型滨河湿地,研究夏秋冬3个季节复合垂直流人工湿地对混合农药废水中噻虫嗪、二甲戊灵和百菌清的去除情况。结果表明,3种质量浓度均为0.1、0.5和1.0 mg/L的混合农药废水经湿地处理3 d,农药去除率达60.9%~98.3%,而对照池中农药去除率仅为0.58%~8.43%,湿地对农药的去除效率(从大到小)顺序均呈现夏季、秋季、冬季的特点。与对照池相比,经湿地处理后的农药废水对草履虫(指示生物)的生长抑制作用明显降低。进一步检测分析了农药在湿地基质和植物中的累积情况,结果表明湿地通过基质吸附(38.87%~81.6%)、微生物降解(0.28%~35.74%)和植物吸收(0.02%~4.62%)对农药去除,其中基质吸附是主要途径。这些结果表明人工湿地能在短期内显著去除或截留因雨水径流引起的冲击性农药负荷,降低河道农药面源污染及其生态毒性。The application of pesticides in urban greening management has become a potential threat to human health due to their residual existence in rainwater runoff.In order to control the inflowing of pesticides into water bodies along with rainwater runoff,we simulated the pesticides-applying mode in green maintenance,and constructed an artificial wetland with composite vertical flow as the ecological riverside to study the removal of thiamethoxam,dimethoprim,and chlorothalonil in mixed pesticide wastewater during three seasons(summer,autumn,and winter).After 3-day wetland treatment for the wastewater containing three pesticides at three different concentrations of 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg/L,the removal rates of three pesticides all reached 60.9%-98.3%,while the pesticide removal rate in the control pool was only 0.58%-8.43%.With regards to the pesticide removal efficiency in different seasons,a characteristic of summer>autumn>winter was observed.Compared with the control pool,the treated pesticide wastewater showed significantly weaker inhibition on the growth of paramecium.The accumulation of pesticides in wetland substrates and plants was also evaluated.As a result,the removal of pesticides by wetland was achieved through substrate adsorption(38.87%-81.6%),microbial degradation(0.28%-35.74%),and plant absorption(0.02%-4.62%),with substrate adsorption as the main pathway.Overall,our constructed wetland could significantly remove or intercept the strong pesticide load caused by rainwater runoff within a short period,and such a concept could be potentially applied to reduce ecological toxicity from pesticide non-point source pollution in river channels.

关 键 词：城市农药面源污染 人工湿地 去除率 草履虫 生态毒性 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]