黑水虻幼虫高密度养殖可行性研究  

Studies on the feasibility of high-density breeding of black soldier fly larvae

作　　者：孟雪松 徐猛 叶小梅[1,2] 孔祥平 曾文超 杜静 MENG Xuesong;XU Meng;YE Xiaomei;KONG Xiangping;ZENG Wenchao;DU Jing(Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Livestock Research,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Nanjing Environment Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所农业农村部种养结合重点实验室江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏大学农业工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [3]南京环境集团有限公司,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《生物加工过程》2025年第1期56-62,76,共8页Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(21)1008);2022年南京市碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(202211003);2022年亚夫科技服务项目(KF(22)1008)。

摘　　要：为了考察一次投料条件下,通过高投虫密度实现黑水虻更加快速转化餐厨垃圾的可行性,以原餐厨垃圾打浆物为原料,采用实验室模拟试验,研究不同的投虫密度工况(60 000、120 000和200 000头/m^(2))对黑水虻虫体、餐厨垃圾物料特性和生产性能的影响,为减少规模化养殖的土地面积和提升产出效益提供技术支撑。结果表明:(1)随着投虫密度的增加,养殖料温度逐渐升高;经黑水虻转化后残余物料的有机质、总氮、总钾和总养分含量均逐渐降低,总磷含量却有不同程度的增加;而黑水虻幼虫平均虫长与虫质量均逐渐降低,且直接导致虫体中粗脂肪含量降低,但虫体的总钾含量却有不同程度的增加,且对虫体的总氮和总磷影响不大。(2)随着投虫密度的增加,黑水虻幼虫存活率和料虫比逐渐降低,但单位面积收虫量和物料减量率均逐渐提高,可以缩短餐厨垃圾处理周期,提升转化效率。综合分析发现,投虫密度为200 000头/m^(2)时生产性能最佳,餐厨垃圾转化时间为10 d,单位面积收虫量为15.75 kg/m^(2)、物料减量率为81.72%、料虫比为3.22。该结果可为优化黑水虻养殖工艺技术参数提供理论支撑。To achieve faster conversion of food waste by black soldier fly through high insect densities,different feeding density conditions(60000,120000 and 200000 larvae/m^(2))were evaluated using laboratory simulation experiments regarding the characteristics and production performance of black soldier fly culture,which could provide technical support for reducing the land area in large-scale aquaculture design and improving the input-output benefits for the project.Overall,the increase in insect density demonstrated the following effects:①=1\*GB3 Higher temperature was observed for the breeding material,and the organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium and total nutrient contents of the residual materials gradually decreased after the transformation of black soldier flies,but the total phosphorus content increased to varying degrees.On the other hand,the average length and weight of black soldier fly larvae gradually decreased,along with less crude fat content in the worm.The total potassium in the worm increased to varying degrees,while the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the worm remained little changed.②=2\*GB3 The survival rate and feeder ratio of black soldier fly larvae gradually decreased,but the collected insect amount and material reduction rate per unit area gradually increased,suggesting the treatment cycle of food waste could be shortened and the overall conversion efficiency could be improved.Under the best production conditions(with feeding density of 200000 larvae/m^(2)),the conversion time of food waste was 10 d,the insect collection per unit area was 15.75 kg/m^(2),the material reduction rate was81.72%,and the insect ratio was 3.22.Our research will provide the basis for the optimization of production technical parameters with regards to the transformation of food waste in black soldier fly.

关 键 词：黑水虻 餐厨垃圾 投虫密度 生产性能 

分 类 号：S899.9[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养] Q968.1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]