以碳酸钾为沉淀剂制备碳酸锂及其反应结晶条件优化  

Preparation of lithium carbonate using potassium carbonate as precipitatorand optimization of reaction crystallization conditions

作　　者：张志强[1] 覃冬兰 王佳琴 成春春[1] 周娜 ZHANG Zhiqiang;QIN Donglan;WANG Jiaqin;CHENG Chunchun;ZHOU Na(College of Chemical Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学化工学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2025年第1期8-16,共9页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21968026);青海省科技厅项目(2023-ZJ-721)。

摘　　要：碳酸钠生产过程中会产生大量的碳排放以及废水、废渣,可能会对环境造成危害。本文以碳酸钾代替碳酸钠作为制备碳酸锂的沉淀剂,并在反应结晶过程中加入超声波以控制碳酸锂不产生大的团聚体,采用响应面法优化主要的反应结晶条件,对碳酸锂中的钾含量、粒径D_(50)进行了方差分析,结果表明:钾含量拟合模型显著(P=0.0002,F=24.47),模型的拟合系数为0.9692、修正拟合系数为=0.9296、预测拟合系数为0.8751,满足方差分析要求;粒径D_(50)拟合模型显著(P=0.0002,F=24.91),拟合系数为=0.9697,修正拟合系数R^(2)=0.9308,预测拟合系数为0.7472,满足方差分析要求。碳酸锂中钾含量主要影响因素是温度,反应结晶温度与超声功率有明显的交互作用;碳酸锂粒径D_(50)主要影响因素是温度和超声功率,但是各个因素之间的交互作用不明显。对最优条件进行验证,碳酸锂中钾含量平均值为0.899 mg/g碳酸锂、D_(50)为17.346μm、平均收率为86.91%,预测值与试验值较为接近。Sodium carbonate will produce a large amount of carbon emissions,wastewater and waste residue in the production process,which may pose a threat to the environment.This article used potassium carbonate instead of sodium carbonate as a precipitant for preparing lithium carbonate,and added ultrasound during the reaction crystallization process to control the formation of large aggregates in lithium carbonate.Response surface methodology was used to optimize the main reaction crystallization conditions,and variance analysis was conducted on the potassium content and particle size D_(50) in lithium carbonate,The results show that the potassium content fitting model is significant(P=0.0002,F=24.47),with a fitting coefficient 0.9692,a modified fitting coefficient 0.9296,and a predicted fitting coefficient 0.8751,meeting the requirements of analysis of variance;The particle size D_(50) fitting model is significant(P=0.0002,F=24.91),with the fitting coefficient 0.96977,the modified fitting coefficient 0.9308,and the predicted fitting coefficient 0.7472,meeting the requirements of analysis of variance.The main influencing factor of potassium content in lithium carbonate is temperature,and there is a significant interaction between reaction crystallization temperature and ultrasonic power;The main influencing factors on the particle size D_(50) of lithium carbonate are temperature and ultrasonic power,but the interaction between these factors is not significant.The optimal conditions have been verified,with an average potassium content of 0.899 mg/g lithium carbonate,an average particle size D_(50) of 17.346μm,and an average yield of 86.91%.The predicted values are close to the experimental values.

关 键 词：碳酸锂 碳酸钾 响应面法 超声波 粒径分布 方差分析 钾含量 

分 类 号：TQ028[化学工程]