域外毒品非罪化分流研究与启示  

A Review of Overseas Drug Decriminalization and Diversion Programs and Revelations

作　　者：夏建兰 林冬梅[1] XIA Jianlan;LIN Dongmei(Beijing Police College,Beijing 102202,China)

机构地区：[1]北京警察学院,北京102202

出　　处：《北京警察学院学报》2024年第6期104-114,共11页Journal of Beijing Police College

基　　金：公安部科技理论项目(项目编号:2022LL03)。

摘　　要：近年来,域外越来越多国家对持有供个人使用的少量大麻或其他毒品的违法行为予以分流,或出台法律实施法定非罪化,或采取“宽容”政策推行事实非罪化,施以罚款、教育、戒治等非刑事处罚措施。在域外非罪化分流项目实践中,部门联动合作机制、政策认同感、分流转介时间、分流转介机制与流程等是其成功关键因素。在辩证汲取域外各国非罪化分流实践经验教训基础上,应加大关注域外毒品非罪化分流循证实践研究,强化“救治帮扶”理念与信心,延续公安机关分流处置角色,完善分流转介机制与流程,同时着力推动社区戒毒和社区康复发展,以完善国家的“六全”毒品治理政策与机制体系。In recent years,more countries have introduced legislation to decriminalize possession of small quantities of cannabis or other drugs for personal use—the de Jure approach,or adopted“tolerant”policies—the de facto approach.Diverted away from the criminal justice system,drug possession offenders are fined,educated and treated instead of being penalized.Coordinated efforts by police,healthcare and social services,officer buyins and confidence,pre-booking or post-booking timing,refined eligibility and streamlined administration process are some of the keys to the success of diversion programs.It is suggested to boost evidence-based drug control study by further investigating overseas decriminalization and diversion practices,embrace the idea of therapeutic Juris Prudence through training and information dissemination,improve the diversion and referral mechanism by refining the eligibility criteria,enhancing inter-departmental coordination and communication and implementing personalized referral and treatment centered on a full diagnosis and assessment,and promote the development of community-based treatment and rehabilitation.

关 键 词：毒品非罪化 分流 部门联动与沟通机制 个性化转介治疗 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]