中原地区周代马匹饲养方式研究——以郑州、洛阳、三门峡等地马骨稳定碳氮同位素分析为例  

Horse Husbandry Strategies on the Zhou-Dynasty Central Plains:Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis of Horse Remains from Zhengzhou,Luoyang,and Sanmenxia

作　　者：周立刚 侯彦峰 曹金萍 樊温泉 马俊才 吴业恒 燕飞 Zhou Ligang;Hou Yanfeng;Cao Jinping

机构地区：[1]河南省文物考古研究院 [2]河南大学历史学院 [3]洛阳市考古研究院 [4]三门峡市仰韶文化研究中心

出　　处：《考古与文物》2024年第12期117-123,共7页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：河南省四个分时期专题历史文化研究项目“春秋时期科技生物考古研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文对郑州、洛阳、三门峡发掘的五处周代(车)马坑出土马骨开展了稳定碳氮同位素分析。结果表明,西周时期贵族随葬马匹几乎全部是以粟(黍)及其秸秆为饲料,东周马匹饲料中的草料比重明显增加,并且可能包含小麦及其秸秆。东周时期中原马匹饲养方式呈现明显地区差异,与三门峡上石河墓地所葬马匹相比,郑韩故城内外所葬马匹饲料中包含更多草类或小麦。不同规模车马坑内马骨的同位素特征对比表明,大型车马坑中马匹明显来源于多个牧场,而小型车马坑中的马匹绝大部分可能来自同一牧场。这些结果为研究周代中原马匹饲养规模及农作物种植体系变化提供了新线索。This study presents the results of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on Zhou Dynasty horse remains from five chariot-horse pits excavated in Zhengzhou,Luoyang,and Sanmenxia.The findings indicate that horses found in Western-Zhou nobles’tombs were primarily fed with foxtail millet and its straw,while Eastern Zhou horses had diets with a higher proportion of grass and wheat.Horse husbandry strategies also varied regionally during the Eastern Zhou period;for instance,horses in the Zheng and Han states consumed more wheat and grass compared to those in the Guo state.Isotopic comparisons suggest that horses buried in large pits came from multiple sources,while those in smaller pits likely originated from single farms.These results offer valuable insights into the scale of horse husbandry and agricultural transformations in the Central Plains during the Zhou Dynasty.

关 键 词：周代 车马坑 稳定同位素分析 马匹饲养 农业 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]