基于碎屑锆石及水文观测的黄河多沙粗沙区重要支流来沙变化分析  

Analysis of Sediment Variation in Important Tributaries of the Yellow River in the Sandy and Coarse Sediment Area Based on Detrital Zircons and Hydrological Observations

作　　者：白婷 范念念[1] 王远见[2] 聂锐华[1] 刘兴年[1] BAI Ting;FAN Niannian;WANG Yuanjian;NIE Ruihua;LIU Xingnian(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Yellow River Water Conservancy Research Institute,Zhengzhou 450099,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450099

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2025年第1期37-47,共11页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979179);青藏高原第二次科学考察专题(2019QZKK0204);四川省科技计划项目(2023NSFSC1989)。

摘　　要：巨大的来沙量是造成黄河水沙灾害的重要原因。近年来,黄河及其主要支流实测输沙量明显减少,但产沙输沙的多时空尺度特征仍不明确。以多沙粗沙区的重要支流皇甫川和窟野河为例,利用现代水文资料和碎屑锆石物源结合的方法,分析产沙输沙变化的多时空属性特征。通过统计检验方法对实测水文资料进行分析,发现年径流量和年输沙量均呈显著的减小趋势,其中:皇甫川径流、输沙序列的突变点发生在1978年和1998年,且均发生明显减小;窟野河径流的突变点发生在1979年、1997年和2011年,前两个突变点明显减小,最后一个突变点明显增加,而输沙的突变点发生在1979年和1997年,均明显减小。对皇甫川和窟野河现代河流沉积物(2020年)和几千年前的河流阶地沉积物分别进行了碎屑锆石测试分析,得出两条河流的泥沙主要由黄土和基岩组成,而现代河流泥沙中黄土的贡献率比阶地更大。造成这种输沙量急剧减小、黄土比例增加现象的原因是人类扰动加速了黄土侵蚀,但流域地表水和地下水资源的开采及水土保持措施减少了水量,使得泥沙的输移比减小,大量从坡面上侵蚀的黄土沉积在沟道之中,没有被输送到流域的出口,为极端天气下的来沙提供了物源。本文采用现代尺度的水文观测资料分析与地质沉积学的方法,结合不同尺度的方法,对黄河多沙粗沙区重要支流的来沙变化进行分析,可为调控治理黄河水沙灾害的相关研究提供一定的思路。Objective The significant accumulation of silt constitutes a critical factor contributing to water and sediment disasters in the Yellow River.In recent years,the runoff and sediment transport of the Yellow River and its primary tributaries have decreased significantly.Although extensive research has been conducted,the multi-temporal and spatial scale characteristics of sediment production and transport remain unclear.Methods This study examines the Huangfu River and Kuye River tributaries in the high coarse sediment area of the Loess Plateau to analyze the multi-temporal and spatial characteristics of sediment production and transport.The analysis integrates modern hydrological observation data and detrital zircon source testing methods from 1960 to 2021.Measured hydrological data are analyzed using statistical test methods,with the Mann–Kendall test employed to evaluate hydrological trends and the accumulation method utilized to identify abrupt change points in water and sediment data.The findings indicated a significant decreasing trend in annual runoff and sediment transport in the Huangfuchuan and Kuye River basins over recent decades.Abrupt change points in the runoff and sediment transport of the Huangfu River occurred in 1978 and 1998,showing a significant decline.In the Kuye River,abrupt change points in runoff occurred in 1979,1997,and 2011.The first two points showed significant decreases,while the last point indicated a significant increase.Abrupt change points in sediment transport for the Kuye River appeared in 1979 and 1997,showing significant decreases.Detrital zircon experiments conducted on modern river sediments and river terrace sediments from several thousand years ago in the Huangfu River and Kuye River(2020)reveal that sediments are primarily composed of loess and bedrock,with modern river sediments containing a higher contribution rate of loess than terrace sediments.Results and Discussions The findings showed that precipitation and human activities are the primary factors influencing run

关 键 词：黄河 径流量 输沙量 碎屑锆石物源 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学]