基于物理模型试验的库岸散粒体滑坡涌浪特性  

Surge Characteristics of Reservoir Bank Granular Landslide Based on Physical Model Experiments

作　　者：王珊珊 张检召 王东坡[2] 杨东旭 袁蔚林 欧阳朝军[3] WANG Shanshan;ZHANG Jianzhao;WANG Dongpo;YANG Dongxu;YUAN Weilin;OUYANG Chaojun(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources,Beijing,100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083 [2]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610059 [3]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2025年第1期107-119,共13页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC30004000104);国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(42022054);中国科学院战略先导专项项目(XDA23090303);四川省重点研发专项项目(2022YFS0543,2022YFG0140);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(Y201970)。

摘　　要：滑坡涌浪灾害具有历时短、地形条件复杂、规模大的特点,是国内外研究的重要地质和工程问题之一。本文以库岸滑坡失稳入水涌浪过程为研究对象,考虑水上滑坡与淹没滑坡两种情景,设计并开展散粒体滑坡涌浪3维物理模型试验,量测滑坡入水运动堆积过程及涌浪产生、传播过程特征,并进一步分析沿滑坡运动方向传播的离岸波与沿河道上下游传播的侧向波波幅、传播规律特性等。结果表明:当滑坡从淹没工况到水上工况时,涌浪波幅最大值特征逐渐从波峰小于波谷转向波峰大于波谷;沿滑坡运动方向产生的涌浪波幅大于沿库岸传播的涌浪波幅,侧向波传播过程中波幅高度衰减程度小于离岸波;进一步分析发现,涌浪沿河道上下游传播时,侧向波最大浪高为其首浪高度的2.5倍;散粒体滑坡涌浪最大高度与散粒体质量成正相关,与散粒体初始淹没率成负相关;受滑坡体入水时相对厚度的影响,涌浪最大高度与入水高差成负相关;在此基础上,利用无量纲分析方法与多元非线性回归方法,推导出散粒体滑坡涌浪最大高度经验公式,并采用提出的经验公式对三峡库区巫山红岩子滑坡与加拿大切哈利斯湖滑坡涌浪案例最大浪高进行计算分析,验证该公式具有较好的适用性和准确性。Objective Landslide surge disasters have consistently been one of the significant geological and engineering challenges studied both domestically and internationally.Accurately evaluating the process of water surges caused by scattered particle landslides on mountainous reservoir banks and understanding the propagation law of surges in rivers is crucial.This study analyzes the characteristics of surge propagation laws,establishes a formula for calculating the maximum height of surges,and verifies it through typical cases of water surges caused by scattered particle landslides,providing a scientific basis for disaster prevention and reduction.Methods This study focuses on the instability of reservoir bank landslides and the process of water surges,considering two scenarios:water landslides and submerged landslides.Three-dimensional physical model experiments of granular landslide surges are designed and conducted.The landslide surge simulation system,combined with the geometric shapes of river channels in the Three Gorges,Jinsha River Xiluodu,Yalong River Lianghekou Hydropower Station,and other reservoir areas,established a generalized river channel model of typical wide and straight reservoir sections in the reservoir area based on a geometric similarity ratio of 1:500.The model primarily comprises a source release device,a bank slope,and a closed glass water tank,which can simulate the entire process of landslide initiation,water inflow,accumulation,wave generation,propagation,and climb.Through physical model experiments,the process of landslide inflow and accumulation,as well as the characteristics of wave generation and propagation,are measured.Additionally,the amplitude and propagation characteristics of offshore waves propagating along the direction of landslide movement and lateral waves propagating upstream and downstream along the river channel are analyzed.Results and Discussions This study designed and conducted 96 sets of working conditions and 192 experiments to measure and analyze the process of land

关 键 词：滑坡涌浪 散粒体 物理模型试验 传播特性 涌浪最大高度 经验公式 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学]