贵州某酸性矿井涌水的生物氧化治理中试试验  

Pilot Test of Bio-oxidation Treatment of Acidic Mining Drainage in Guizhou Province

作　　者：胡文杰 郑博渊 胡鹏飞 唐韶泽 雷治武 胡芳 胡鄂明 王红强 王清良 HU Wenjie;ZHENG Boyuan;HU Pengfei;TANG Shaoze;LEI Zhiwu;HU Fang;HU Eming;WANG Hongqiang;WANG Qingliang(School of Resources,Environment and Safety Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang 421200,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南衡阳421200

出　　处：《工程科学与技术》2025年第1期244-252,共9页Advanced Engineering Sciences

基　　金：贵州飞翔环保工程有限公司项目(2018KHX45)。

摘　　要：酸性矿井涌水(AMD)酸性强、重金属含量高,对其进行妥善处理已然成为亟待解决的重大环境问题之一。然而,目前生物法处理AMD在实际应用和资源化利用方向的研究仍在探索阶段。针对这一现状,本文提出了一种细菌氧化—pH分段沉淀—循环沉淀处理AMD的新技术,在贵州污染源地构建中试装置并进行了半工业试验。结果表明:该酸性矿井涌水中的主要污染因子为铁和铝。温度是影响生物反应器效率的关键因素,反应温度25℃相比10℃时氧化效率提高了1倍以上。结合运行成本和处理效率得出最佳反应条件为曝气量16 Nm^(3)·h^(−1)、中和pH=5;中试系统对Fe^(2+)和Al^(3+)的去除率均在99%以上,对Fe^(2+)的氧化速率高达410 g·h^(−1)。经微生物分类测序表明,变形菌门在各个时期的门水平中都保持绝对优势,属水平上的铁氧化细菌是生物反应器内的最终优势菌群。经pH分段沉淀—循环沉淀8次后,沉淀渣中铁品位最高可达41.15%,有望作为肥料、水泥、絮凝剂等原材料。本文证实了以氧化菌群为核心高效处理AMD的可行性,同时对各类中试试验参数进行了有益的探讨,可为将来AMD生物治理的规模化工业应用提供可信的依据和参考。Objective Acid mine drainage(AMD)has strong acidity and high heavy metal content,which poses a significant threat to the ecosystem and human survival.The proper treatment of AMD remains one of the major environmental problems requiring urgent resolution.The biological method has gradually become a research hotspot due to its advantages of low cost and environmental friendliness.However,research on the practical application and resource utilization of biological AMD treatment remains in the small-scale exploration stage.This study proposes a new integrated technology to address the problems of excessive heavy metal ions in acidic wastewater,high sludge disposal costs,and limited comprehensive treatment technologies.Methods A new technology involving bacterial oxidation-pH fractional precipitation-cyclic precipitation for AMD treatment is proposed,and semi-industrial application is conducted.Using this method,a pilot plant is set up at a pollution source site in Guizhou Province to investigate the effects of temperature,aeration intensity,pH value,microbial community structure,and influent Fe^(2+)concentration on AMD treatment efficiency.In addition,the effects of different precipitating agents,precipitating pH value,and cycle times on the grade of iron in the recovered slag are examined.Results and Discussions The research results show that iron and aluminum are the main pollutants of acid mine drainage.The treatment efficiency of the bioreactor is positively correlated with temperature and aeration and negatively correlated with initial Fe^(2+)concentration.Temperature is a principal factor affecting the efficiency of bioreactors.Although the maximum flow rate remains 0.33 m^(3)·L^(–1)at a low temperature of 10℃and the oxidation time is 13 h,the oxidation efficiency more than doubles when the temperature rises to 25℃.If the discharged wastewater meets the standard,a higher flow rate corresponds to a shorter residence time of the wastewater in the reactor,which means a higher treatment efficiency of the bio

关 键 词：酸性矿山废水 生物氧化治理 资源化利用 

分 类 号：TH3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]