农民的认同单位与村庄内生性治理格局——以家、户、门、宗的划分为基础  

The identity unit of farmers and the endogenous governance pattern of villages——based on the division of families,households,portals and clans

作　　者：金江峰 陈栎 JIN Jiangfeng;CHEN LI(China Institue for Rural Studies&Advanced Institute in Political Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国农村研究院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期116-124,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“党建引领农村合作社发展的益贫效能研究”(22CDJ049)。

摘　　要：从区域比较角度看,农民的认同单位有四个,分别是家、户、门、宗,对应着江汉平原的原子化村庄、关中平原的户族村庄、华北平原的小亲族村庄和华南地区的宗族村庄等。农民的认同单位不同,形塑着村庄社会关系:以家庭为认同单位的村庄,是一种利益性关系;以户为认同单位的村庄,是一种合作性关系;以门为认同单位的村庄,是一种竞争性关系;以宗为认同单位的村庄,是一种情感性关系。不同关系类型塑造了差异性的村庄公共秩序,有利益关系下的利益秩序、合作关系下的交换秩序、竞争关系下的规范秩序、情感关系下的道德秩序。不同公共秩序带来不同的村庄内生性治理格局,利益秩序下的村庄呈现利益化治理格局,交换秩序下的村庄呈现关系化治理格局,规范秩序下的村庄呈现规则化治理格局,道德秩序下的村庄呈现情感化治理格局。村庄内生性治理格局的不同会影响国家与社会关系实践,分别产生区隔型、博弈型、服从型和悬浮型的国家与社会关系。From the perspective of regional comparison,there are four identity units of farmers,namely,family,household,door and clan,which corespond repectively to the atomized villages in Jianghan Plain,household villages in the Guanzhong Plain,small kindred villages in North China Plain and clan villages in southern China.The different identity units of farmers shape the village social relations:the village with family as identity unit is a kind of benefit relationship;the village with household as identity unit is a kind of cooperative relationship;the village with door as identity unit is a kind of competitive relationship,and the village with clan as identity unit is a kind of emotional relationship.Different types of relations shape different village public order,including interest order under interest relationship,exchange order under cooperation relationship,normative order under competition relationship and moral order under emotion relationship.Different public order brings different endogenous governance patterns of villages.Villages under benefit order present benefit governance patterns,and villages under exchange order present relational governance patterns,the villages under the normative order present the rule-based governance pattern,and the villages under the moral order present the emotion-based governance pattern.The difference of village endogenous governance pattern will affect the practice of state-society relationship,and produce the state-society relationship of compartmentalization,game,obedience and suspension.

关 键 词：认同单位 行动单位 社会关系 治理秩序 国家与社会关系 

分 类 号：C912.8[经济管理]