气传花粉与环境条件及变应性鼻炎关系研究  

Study on the allergic rhinitis characteristics with the patterns of airborne pollen dispersion and environment conditions

作　　者：郭春燕 郝玉珠 王佳 GUO Chun-yan;HAO Yu-zhu;WANG Jia(Inner Mongolia Meteorological Service Center,Hohhot 010051)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区气象服务中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第1期331-342,共12页China Environmental Science

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2020ZY0019);中国气象局软科学项目(2023ZZXM03);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFSJ0032);内蒙古自治区预防医学会项目(2023NMYF-HJ013)。

摘　　要：花粉过敏是全球性的健康问题,在我国也备受关注,特别是中国北方地区,发病率呈增加趋势.以内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市为研究区域,基于2017~2022年逐日气传花粉浓度、同期气象条件、植被长势和过敏患者数据分析,得出呼和浩特市一年有两次花粉播散高峰期,第一次在4月上旬,以木本植物花粉为主,持续时间短;第二高峰期在8月至9月,持续时间长,致敏影响大,以菊科蒿属等草本植物为主.研究表明1~6月≥5℃有效积温与花粉播散高峰期开始日序呈显著负相关,3月至开花同期累积降水量和累积日照时数则与结束日序呈显著正相关.积温高,花粉播散高峰期进入时间早,降水充沛,光照充足,则会导致高峰期延后结束,且花粉播散总量增大.各气象要素累积值以及植被指数也均与月平均花粉浓度表现为极显著或显著正相关关系,光热水条件好,植被生长旺盛,会促进花粉播散,表现为浓度升高.变应性鼻炎(Allergic Rhinitis,AR)就诊人数与花粉浓度变化规律相一致,在8月达到峰值.当花粉浓度超过100粒/1000mm^(2)时,就诊高峰的出现存在0~4d的滞后时间段,其中以2d后增量效应最为明显,在一旬时间范围内患者人数与花粉浓度呈指数对应关系.以上研究结果为花粉浓度气象预报服务以及花粉过敏导致的AR预防和诊疗提供参考依据.Pollen allergy is a global health problem which also has attracted much attention in China,and the incidence is increasing in the northern area.The data of daily airborne pollen concentration,meteorological conditions,vegetation growth and allergic patient were analyzed from 2017 to 2022 in Hohhot of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.There were two peaks of pollen dissemination every year.The first peak was in early April,which was a greater proportion of woody plant pollen,with a short duration.The second peak was from August to September,mainly composed of herbaceous plants pollen such as Artemisia of Compositae pollen,with a long duration and had much more serious sensitization effect.The results showed that the effective accumulated temperature of≥5°C from January to June was significantly negatively correlated with the start date of the peak pollen dispersal period,while the cumulative precipitation and cumulative sunshine hours from the early stage to the flowering period were significantly positively correlated with the end date of the peak pollen dispersal period.The higher the accumulated temperature was,the earlier the peak period of pollen dispersal started.The end date of peak period would be delayed by the large amount of precipitation and light hours,meanwhile the number of pollen dispersal would increase.There were statistically significant or significant positive correlation between the cumulative value of each meteorological factor or the vegetation index and the monthly average pollen concentration.Appropriate light hours and precipitation,the vegetation would grown well,which would promote pollen dispersal and stimulate an increase in concentration.The number of Allergic Rhinitis patients was consistent with the variation of pollen concentration,and was reaching a peak in August.When the pollen concentration exceeds 100 grains/1000mm^(2),there was a lag period of 0~4days in the peak of AR treatment,among which the most obvious incremental effect was after 2 days.The number of patients was exp

关 键 词：气传花粉 气象条件 AR数量 相关性 呼和浩特市 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]