我国汽车制造行业活性有机碳(ROC)排放研究  

Reactive organic carbon emissions from automotive manufacturing industry in China

作　　者：贾海洋 高美平 聂磊 刘文文 魏巍[1] JIA Hai-yang;GAO Mei-ping;NIE Lei;LIU Wen-wen;WEI Wei(College of Environment Sciences and Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application,National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100124 [2]北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,城市大气挥发性有机物污染防治技术与应用北京市重点实验室,北京100037

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第1期538-556,共19页China Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市生态环境保护科学研究院项目(JZ2022-010)。

摘　　要：以汽车制造行业为对象,选取8家典型企业,采集109个涂料、胶粘剂等原辅料样品,检测其活性有机碳(ROC),建立汽车制造行业ROC源成分谱.通过最大增量反应活性法和二次产物的参数化产率法,量化样品中ROC对臭氧(O_(3))和SOA的生成贡献.结果表明:①不同类型原辅料中VOCs含量差异较大,水性和溶剂型汽车涂料平均ρ(VOCs)为289.92和490.32g/L;水性、本体型及溶剂型胶粘剂平均ρ(VOCs)为27.00,27.50和196.67g/L;水性和溶剂型清洗剂平均ρ(VOCs)为116.60和831.20g/L.②水性涂料的主要组分为醇醚及醚酯类、酯类和醇类,溶剂型涂料的主要组分为芳香烃、酯类和醇类,本体型胶粘剂和溶剂型胶粘剂的主要组分均为烷烃.③水性涂料中,各种类型有机物质量占比依次为SVOCs(36.03%)、IVOCs(37.77%)和VOCs(26.21%);溶剂型涂料中,主要为VOCs(95.41%),仅含少量IVOCs(4.59%),未检出SVOCs;本体型胶粘剂中仅检测出VOCs;溶剂型胶粘剂中,主要为VOCs(97.36%),含少量IVOCs(2.64%),未检出SVOCs.④水性涂料、溶剂型涂料、本体型胶粘剂和溶剂型胶粘剂中ROC的OFP值分别为93.67,2679.27,25.82和41.82g O_(3)/(L原辅料),首要贡献物种分别为二乙二醇丁醚(42.03%)、1,2,3-三甲苯(28.29%)、2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷(52.20%)和2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷(78.63%).⑤水性涂料、溶剂型涂料、本体型胶粘剂和溶剂型胶粘剂中ROC的SOA值分别为18.49,16.70,4.82和4.28g SOA/(L原辅料),水性涂料中IVOCs和SVOCs物种对SOA生成贡献率最高;溶剂型涂料及胶粘剂中VOCs物种对SOA生成贡献率最高.⑥本研究加入IVOCs和SVOCs物种对SOA生成贡献的评估后,发现单位体积水性涂料所生成的SOA值高于溶剂型涂料和胶粘剂,应在污染防治政策制定中重视水性涂料中SVOCs和IVOCs对大气环境的影响.Eight representative automobile manufacturing enterprises were investigated,and 109 samples of raw and auxiliary materials,including coatings and adhesives,were collected to determine reactive organic carbon(ROC)and to establish the source composition spectrum of ROC in automobile manufacturing industry.The maximum incremental reactivity(MIR)method and two-product parametric method were used to quantify the corresponding contributions of ROC to the generation of O_(3)and SOA.The results showed that:①The VOC contents in different types of raw and auxiliary materials varied considerably:the averageρ(VOCs)of water-based and solvent-based automotive coatings were 289.92 and 490.32g/L;the averageρ(VOCs)of water-based,bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 27.00,27.50 and 196.67g/L,respectively;and the averageρ(VOCs)of water-based and solvent-based cleaning agents were 116.60 and 831.20g/L.②The main components of water-based coatings were alcohol ethers and ether esters,esters and alcohols,the main components of solvent-based coatings were aromatic hydrocarbons,esters and alcohols,and the main components of both bulk and solvent-based adhesives were alkanes.③In water-based coatings,the mass proportions of various organics were SVOCs(36.03%),IVOCs(37.77%)and VOCs(26.21%).In solvent-based coatings,the mass proportions of various organics were IVOCs(4.59%)and VOCs(95.41%).In bulk adhesives,the main organics was VOCs(100%).In solvent-based adhesives,the mass proportions of various organics were IVOCs(2.64%)and VOCs(97.36%).④The OFP productions by water-based coatings,solvent-based coatings,bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 93.67,2679.27,25.82,and 41.82g O_(3)/(L raw materials),respectively,and the primary contributing species were diethylene glycol butyl ether(42.03%),1,2,3-trimethylbenzene(28.29%),2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane(52.20%),and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptae(78.63%),respectively.⑤The SOA productions by water-based coatings,solvent-based coatings,bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 18.49,16.70,4.82

关 键 词：汽车制造行业 活性有机碳(ROC) 中等挥发性有机物(IVOCs) 半挥发性有机化合物(SVOCs) 成分谱 环境影响 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]