不同耕作方式配施有机肥对盐碱地玉米根际土壤微生物群落的影响  

Effects of different tillage practices with organic fertilizers on rhizosphere soil microbial communities of maize in saline-alkali soils

作　　者：刘昊 麻仲花 刘威帆 万猛虎 马风兰 吴娜[1] 刘吉利[2] LIU Hao;MA Zhonghua;LIU Weifan;WAN Menghu;MA Fenglan;WU Na;LIU Jili(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学生态环境学院,银川750021

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第1期25-39,共15页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900603);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2019BFG02015)资助。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究不同耕作方式配施有机肥对盐碱地玉米根际土壤化学性质及微生物群落结构的影响,从而为改良盐碱地和了解盐碱地玉米根际土壤的微生物群落特征提供重要依据。本研究采用裂区试验设计,主区设置两种耕作措施:CT(传统翻耕)和DV(垂直深旋耕),副区设置4个有机肥施用水平:O1(0 kg·hm^(-2))、O2(7500 kg·hm^(-2))、O3(15000 kg·hm^(-2))、O4(22500 kg·hm^(-2))。研究结果表明,在DVO3和DVO4处理下,玉米根际土壤的pH和全盐含量较其他处理显著降低3.94%~9.20%和6.31%~25.96%,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量较其他处理显著增加5.29%~45.24%、4.71%~24.34%、13.63%~32.67%和10.77%~34.25%,玉米产量较其他处理显著增加2.51%~22.23%,且DVO3和DVO4处理之间的差异不显著。与其他处理相比,DVO3和DVO4处理下玉米根际土壤微生物群落的丰富度和多样性明显提升,且DVO3和DVO4处理之间差异不显著。此外,DVO3和DVO4处理显著提高了细菌优势菌门中的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),以及真菌优势菌门中的子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的相对丰度,同时显著提高了细菌优势菌属中的Ohtaekwangia、Gp6和Gp7,以及真菌优势菌属中粪盘菌属(Ascobolus)、线黑粉酵母属(Filobasidium)和毛葡孢属(Botryotrichum)的相对丰度,且DVO3和DVO4处理之间的差异不显著。上述菌门和菌属的相对丰度与玉米根际土壤有机质和速效养分含量呈正相关。综上所述,垂直深旋耕配施15000~22500 kg·hm^(-2)有机肥能够显著降低盐碱土壤pH和全盐含量,增加速效养分和有机质含量,提高微生物丰富度和多样性,有利于盐碱地土壤改良和养分循环。This study aimed to investigate the effects of different tillage practices with organic fertilizers on the chemical and microbial community structure of maize rhizosphere soil in saline-alkaline soil,to identify the most suitable combination of tillage practices and organic fertilizer application,to provide an important basis for improving saline-alkaline soil,and to understand the microbial community characteristics of maize rhizosphere soil.In this study,a split-zone experimental design was adopted,with two tillage practices in the main zone—CT(conventional tillage)and DV(vertical deep rotary tillage),and four levels of organic fertilizer application in the secondary zones—O1(0 kg·hm^(-2)),O2(7500 kg·hm^(-2)),O3(15000 kg·hm^(-2)),and O4(22500 kg·hm^(-2)),to in-vestigate the effects of different tillage practices combined with organic fertilizer on the rhizosphere of maize in saline-alkaline soils.Organic fertilizers influence the chemical properties and microbial community structure of maize on rhizosphere soil in saline-alkaline soil.The results demonstrated that the pH and total salt content of maize rhizosphere soils were significantly reduced by 3.94%-9.20% and 6.31%-25.96% under DVO3 and DVO4 treatments,respectively,compared to other treatments.The contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium significantly increased by 5.29%-45.24%,4.71%-24.34%,13.63%-32.67%,and 10.77%-34.25%,respectively,under DVO3 and DVO4 treatments than other treatments.The maize yield significantly increased by 2.51%-22.23%compared to other treatments and the differences between DVO3 and DVO4 treatments were not significant.Compared with the other treatments,the richness and diversity of the microbial community in the maize rhizosphere soil were significantly enhanced under the DVO3 and DVO4 treatments,with minimal differences between these two treatments.In addition,DVO3 and DVO4 treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Prot-bacterial dominant phylum

关 键 词：盐碱地 玉米 耕作方式 有机肥 微生物群落 根际土壤 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]