《数据安全法》语义模糊性的规制路径  

The Regulatory Path for the Semantic Ambiguity in the Data Security Law

作　　者：张彪 ZHANG Biao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院 [2]新疆大学法学院

出　　处：《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》2024年第11期46-59,共14页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区社会科学基金重点项目“全面深化依法治疆路径研究”(2023AZD004);新疆法学会法学研究重点课题“铸牢中华民族共同体意识的法治路径与对策研究”(FXH2024Z03)。

摘　　要：不确定法律概念的存在导致《数据安全法》内生一定程度的语义模糊性,尽管这是弥补立法有限理性,提升数据安全主管部门行政能动性的必然结果,但国家数据安全保障能力、个人和组织的合法权益以及数据发展的推进都受到一定程度的负面影响。对《数据安全法》中不确定法律概念的治理,并不是要消除不确定法律概念,而是要在承认其正当性与合理性的基础上,对可能出现的任性、恣意进行规范。对此,需要构建一套综合性治理方案。通过制定裁量基准,对不确定法律概念所涉及的法律情节和法律效果进行细化。引入行政复议以及有限度的司法审查,确保数据安全主管部门的裁量判断在法定目的和范围内运行。With the rapid development of Internet technology,human society has entered the era of data explosion,and production and life have been inseparable from information and data.Therefore,strengthening data security is related to the overall interests of individuals and national development.The Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China provides basic legal support and protection for China's data security,marking the transformation of China's data security protection from policy requirements to rigid legal norms,thus strengthening the normative effect of data security protection.However,the uncertain legal concepts in the Data Security Law affect the identification of legal facts in the implementation of the law,causing obstacles to the implementation and application of the law,but the uncertain legal concepts cannot be avoided by any law,and they provide discretion space for the implementation of the law,enhancing flexibility and adaptability.Through the normative analysis of the uncertain legal concepts in the Data Security Law,this paper interprets the concrete manifestation of the uncertain legal concepts,and then explores the concrete regulation path of the uncertain legal concepts.In addition to the limitations of the law,the Data Security Law cannot avoid the application of uncertain legal concepts,which have to be applied due to uncertain factors such as digital development practices,digital rights,and enforcement practices.The uncertain legal concepts in the Data Security Law are quantitatively concentrated in ChapterⅥ:legal liability,ChapterⅣ:data security protection obligations,ChapterⅠ:general provisions,and ChapterⅢ:data security system,which can be divided into three types of units from the perspective of the type of content,scope and degree,and mainly concentrated in the distribution of provisions,such as guiding clauses,mandatory clauses and oath clauses.Although the uncertain legal concepts cannot be completely negated,they do weaken the normative effect of the Data Security Law in s

关 键 词：数据安全法 不确定法律概念 数据安全 数据发展 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D901[政治法律—法学]