居住证的共同富裕效应——基于农民工收入增长及城镇职工工资差距缩小的视角  

The Common Prosperity Effect of Residence Permit:The Perspective of Wage Growth and Gap Narrowing between Migrant Workers and Urban Workers

作　　者：佟大建 应瑞瑶[2] TONG Dajian;YING Ruiyao

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学经济管理学院,合肥230036 [2]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2024年第12期113-128,共16页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金青年项目“参照系替代视角下多维相对贫困对农民工城市永久迁移的影响机制与政策优化研究”(编号:2208085QG224);教育部人文社科基金青年项目“共同富裕目标下基本公共服务均等化对农民工社会性流动的影响与政策优化研究”(编号:24YJC790165)。

摘　　要：提高农民工的收入并不断缩小其与城镇职工的工资差距对扩大中等收入群体规模和扎实推动共同富裕具有重要意义。本文运用2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查流动人口问卷(C)和户籍人口问卷(D)数据,从农民工收入增长及与城镇职工工资差距缩小的视角探究了居住证的共同富裕效应。研究发现,(1)持有居住证可显著提高农民工的收入并缩小农民工与城镇职工工资差距,即居住证具有显著的共同富裕效应,上述结论在多种稳健性检验下依然成立。(2)进一步研究表明,职业地位提升、社会资本积累、身份认同提高是居住证提高农民工收入和缩小与城镇职工工资差距的作用机制。(3)异质性分析发现,居住证对跨省流动、受教育水平低、有劳动合同、新一代农民工收入增长和与城镇职工工资差距缩小的作用更强。综上,本文认为应破除居住证的申领门槛并提高持证者的权益,为推动共同富裕提供坚实基础。Increasing the income of migrant workers and narrowing the wage gap between them and urban workers are of great significance to expanding the middle-income group and steadily promoting common prosperity.Based on the data of migrants questionnaire and registered population questionnaire of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2017,this paper explores the common prosperity effect of residence permit from the perspective of the income growth of migrant workers and the narrowing of the wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers.The findings are as follows:(1)Holding residence permit can significantly increase the income of migrant workers and narrow the wage gap between them and urban workers,namely,the residence permit has a significant common prosperity effect.The above conclusion is still valid under various robustness tests.(2)Further research shows that occupation status enhancement,social capital accumulation and identity enhancement are the mechanisms of residence permit to improve migrant workers’income and narrow the wage gap between migrant workers and urban workers.(3)Heterogeneity analysis shows that residence permit has stronger income growth effect and wage gap narrowing effect on inter-provincial mobility,low education level,having labor contract,new generation of migrant workers.To sum up,this paper believes that the threshold of applying for residence permit should be broken and the rights and interests of the residence permit holders should be improved to provide a solid foundation for promoting common prosperity.

关 键 词：居住证 农民工 工资差距 共同富裕 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]