北魏公府从事中郎述略  

A Brief Account of Zhonglang in the Minister's Department of the NorthernWei Dynasty

作　　者：刘军[1] LIU Jun(Research Institute of Ancient Documents,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin,130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学古籍研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《云冈研究》2024年第3期24-34,共11页Yungang Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“中古鲜卑拓跋氏士族化进程研究”(19BZS056)。

摘　　要：北魏摹仿魏晋典章,为八公及加开府仪同三司衔、享受位从公待遇的准公幕府特设从事中郎一职。该职的地位介于长史、司马、咨议参军与诸曹参军之间,执掌辅佐、规谏、行政、司法、兵马、外交诸事务,乃总揽全局之纲纪上佐。通过文献的爬梳和研究可见其选任采取朝廷除拜与长官辟举并存的形式,实际上充分尊重府主的个人意愿,容易滋生封建依附关系。从事中郎的候选者必备学识、心性、才干等综合素养,反映北魏官场保守务实的风气,与任诞洒脱的江南政权形成鲜明对比。在家世出身方面,高门士族是绝对主体,兼容少量寒素精英,为阶级对流保留一丝缝隙。从事中郎就任前,一般循清流通道拾阶而上,而后晋升中书侍郎、公府咨议、司马、长史诸显要,不仅径直跨越士族准入的五品资格线,还会叩开象征王朝核心权利圈的三品大门,其职场助推效应可见一斑。从事中郎是北魏幕府组织的缩影,可管窥拓跋独特的政治生态。The Northern Wei dynasty imitated the laws and regulations of the Wei and Jin dynasties and set up the position of the Zhonglang for the Minister's Department.Its status was between the secretary,deputy secretary generals and counseling staff,being in charge of assisting,admonishing,administrative,judicial,military,diplomatic affairs and other affairs and was the highest ranking official in overall staff system.It was appointed by the central government or privately by the chief executive,especially respecting the personal wishes of the chief executive,which can easily breed feudal attachment between the two sides.Candidates for the position must possess comprehensive qualities such as knowledge,character,and talent,reflecting the conservative and pragmatic atmosphere of the Northern Wei officialdom,in stark contrast to the southern regime.In terms of family background,the aristocratic family is the absolute mainstay,compatible with a small number of humble elites,leaving a slight gap for class convection.Before taking office as a high-ranking official,he usually ascended the ranks through the normal channel,and then promoted to various prominent positions.Zhonglang is a microcosm of the department organization of the Northern Wei dynasty,revealing the unique political ecology of Tuoba.

关 键 词：北魏 公府 从事中郎 

分 类 号：K239[历史地理—历史学]