北魏平城时期守门神将图像朝向问题试探  

The Orientation of Guardian Figures in Pingcheng Period of Northern Wei

作　　者：王亚捷 沈伟[1] WANG Ya-jie;SHEN Wei(School of Arts and Humanities,Hubei Institute of Fine Arts,Wuhan Hubei,430073)

机构地区：[1]湖北美术学院艺术人文学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《云冈研究》2024年第3期41-52,共12页Yungang Research

摘　　要：北魏平城时期的石窟与墓葬中出现了一批充满外来形式元素的守门神将。云冈石窟第二期诸窟中的这类图像皆朝向窟内,丹扬王墓甬道处的同类图像亦面向墓室,但文瀛路北魏壁画墓中却与之相反,朝向墓道一侧。结合平城时代后期多室墓的流行与佛教的盛行情况来看,作为多室墓的丹扬王墓,其内朝向墓门的守门神将应受了云冈石窟二期石窟的影响。而文瀛路与迎宾大道北魏16号墓皆为单室墓,其中朝向墓道的同类图像则应承自北魏早期的传统。丹扬王墓中的守门神将之所以会呈现出与文瀛路北魏壁画墓相反的朝向,根本原因可能在于汉化政策的推进与佛教文化的渗透。During the Pingcheng period of the Northern Wei dynasty,a group of guardian figures with foreign stylistic elements appeared in caves and tombs.In the second phase of the Yungang Grottoes,these figures all face inward,while similar figures in the corridor of tomb of Danyang King face the burial chamber.However,in the tomb of Wenying Road,they face the corridor,opposite to those in the tomb of Danyang King.Considering the popularity of multi-chambered tombs and the rise of Buddhism in the late Pingcheng period,the guardian figures in tomb of Danyang King were likely influenced by the second phase of the Yungang Grottoes.In contrast,similar figures in the single-chambered tomb of Wenying Road and Yingbin Avenue No.16,which face the corridor,seem to follow early Northern Wei traditions.The opposing orientations of the guardian figures in the tomb of Danyang King,compared to those in the tomb of Wenying Road,may be due to the advancement of Sinicization policies and the deeper integration of Buddhist culture.

关 键 词：云冈石窟 平城墓葬 守门神将 

分 类 号：K239[历史地理—历史学] K871[历史地理—中国史]