X-CT致医疗照射剂量水平及其健康风险研究进展  

Research progress on medical exposure and its health risk assessment caused by X-CT

作　　者：杨范翘楚 郑钧正[2] 高林峰[2] YANGFAN Qiaochu;ZHENG Junzheng;GAO Linfeng(School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032;Shanghai Municipal Center for Chinese Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《辐射防护》2025年第1期1-11,共11页Radiation Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号11775145)。

摘　　要：不断更新发展的X射线计算机断层扫描(X-CT),因其在医学成像方面的显著优势而为现代医学所不可或缺。伴随经济发展和科技进步,所有公众成员的保健查体与疾病诊治需求与日俱增,X-CT包括锥形束CT(CBCT),乃至新崭露头角的静态CT,日益普及之势越来越迅猛。因而X-CT所致受检者与患者的医疗照射剂量水平,已经占据广大公众源自放射诊断所接受医疗照射的最大份额,由此可能带来的放射风险备受有关各界与全社会的普遍关注。为此,从分析X-CT的应用频率发展趋势及其分布特点着手,概要阐述如何监测与估算X-CT成像所致受检者个体与公众群体的医疗照射剂量,据此进一步评述X-CT医学应用引发放射风险的评估方法、现状概况及注意事项。在此基础上,着重从四个方面研讨加强X-CT的医疗照射防护,藉以推动在促进X-CT医学应用的同时,追求更好地实现趋利避害而造福于民。X-ray computed tomography(X-CT),which is constantly being updated and developed,is indispensable for modern medicine because of its significant advantages in medical imaging.Along with economic development and technological progress,the demand for health checkups and disease diagnosis and treatment for the public is increasing,and X-CT including cone-beam CBCT and even the newly emerging static CT is becoming more and more widespread.As a result,the dose of medical exposure for patients and examinees due to X-CT occupies the largest share of medical exposure to the public from radiological treatment,and the possible radiation risks are of great concern to the whole society.To this end,this paper presents an overview that how to monitor and estimate the medical doses to individual subjects and the public due to X-CT imaging:starting with an analysis including the frequency of X-CT and its distribution characteristics,and then further to review the assessment methods,status and considerations of radiation risks associated with the X-CT.On this basis,four aspects of enhancing medical exposure protection in the widespread use of X-CT are focused to promote the development of X-CT while better pursuing the benefits and avoiding the harms to the public.

关 键 词：X射线计算机断层扫描(X-CT) 医疗照射 风险评估 放射防护 

分 类 号：R14[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]